Recent investigations by Arizona State University and Citizen Lab have revealed that several popular Android VPN applications are linked to entities in mainland China and Hong Kong, raising security concerns. These apps, which have millions of downloads, share ownership and infrastructure, and exhibit significant security flaws, including the collection of location data against privacy policies, outdated encryption methods, and hard-coded passwords that could compromise user traffic. One company manages all VPN servers for a second group of apps, while a third group is vulnerable to connection interference attacks. Notably, these VPN providers are connected to Qihoo 360, a Chinese company flagged as a potential national security threat, with ties to the Chinese military. The Tech Transparency Project reported that millions of Americans have downloaded apps that route internet traffic through Chinese companies, with one in five of the top 100 free VPNs in the U.S. App Store in 2024 being covertly owned by Chinese firms. Some VPNs have targeted younger audiences through social media ads, raising concerns about their marketing strategies. Qihoo 360 has been sanctioned and is on the Commerce Department’s Entity List, emphasizing the national security risks associated with these services. Users are advised to research their VPN providers to avoid affiliations with the Chinese Communist government.