BIOS Archives

Winsage

May 13, 2026

Windows BitLocker zero-day gives access to protected drives, PoC released

A cybersecurity researcher known as Chaotic Eclipse has released proof-of-concept exploits for two unpatched vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows: YellowKey, a BitLocker bypass, and GreenPlasma, a privilege-escalation flaw. The YellowKey vulnerability affects Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022/2025, allowing unauthorized access to BitLocker-protected volumes by exploiting the Windows Recovery Environment. The exploit can be executed using specially crafted 'FsTx' files on a USB drive or directly on the EFI partition. Independent researcher Kevin Beaumont has validated the exploit, which can bypass BitLocker protections even in a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) environment. The GreenPlasma vulnerability allows unprivileged users to create arbitrary memory-section objects, potentially leading to privilege escalation. Chaotic Eclipse has expressed dissatisfaction with Microsoft's handling of bug reports, prompting the public disclosure of these vulnerabilities. Microsoft has stated its commitment to investigating security issues and updating affected devices.

Winsage

May 5, 2026

Microsoft confirms Windows 11 may restart multiple times after updates and your PC isn’t broken, as it’s due to Secure Boot 2023

Upon installing the April 2026 Patch Tuesday update, some users experienced two or three reboots, which Microsoft confirmed is intentional due to the installation of Secure Boot 2023 certificates. This behavior is expected for a limited number of devices and is part of the Secure Boot update process. The Secure Boot certificates are replacing older ones issued in 2011, set to expire in June 2026. Users can check their Secure Boot status in the Windows Security app, which indicates the status with green, yellow, or red badges. A green badge means the system is up to date, while yellow and red badges indicate issues with certificate updates. Microsoft is managing Secure Boot certificates on modern PCs, but older machines without OEM support may struggle to receive updates due to firmware limitations.

Winsage

May 5, 2026

Windows 11 restarts several times after a recent update? Don’t panic

After the installation of the optional April 2026 update, users may experience multiple restarts of their PCs, which is normal due to the Secure Boot certificate refresh process. This behavior may also occur with future updates as Microsoft implements Secure Boot certificate refreshes. Windows updates typically require a single reboot, but significant feature updates or firmware and driver updates may necessitate two or three reboots. Many Windows devices manufactured before 2024 have outdated Secure Boot certificates that need updating, as these certificates will expire in June 2026. Microsoft began rolling out updated Secure Boot certificates in March, but this rollout is staggered. Users can check their PC's Secure Boot certificate status in Windows Security under "Device security." The status is indicated by colored icons: green (up to date), yellow (update pending), and red (action required). Older devices may face issues with the certificate refresh if they lack up-to-date firmware or compatible BIOS updates. If Windows reports an error, the device manufacturer is typically responsible for resolving it. Users should verify that Secure Boot certificates were installed correctly after updates to ensure continued secure booting beyond June.

AppWizard

May 1, 2026

PC Builder Proves You Can Game Without Touching the Usual Trio of Intel, NVIDIA and AMD

A gaming PC was built using components from lesser-known manufacturers instead of the typical Intel, NVIDIA, and AMD. The key components include a KaiXian KX-7000 processor from Zhaoxin with 8 cores, 8 threads, and a maximum clock speed of 3.6 GHz, paired with a Moore Threads MTT S80 graphics card featuring 16GB of GDDR6 memory and a clock speed of 1.8 GHz. The system booted into Windows 11 after resolving initial memory issues, utilizing a single 16GB Samsung workstation stick. The total investment in the CPU and motherboard was around 0. Performance benchmarks included a Geekbench single-core score of 789 and a multi-core score of 3,344, a Cinebench R23 single-core score of 570 and a multi-core score of 4,432, and 3DMark scores of 3,682 for graphics and 3,625 for the CPU.

BetaBeacon

April 22, 2026

Now You Can Run GameCube and Wii Games on Switch Without Android

- Tico v0.7.0 update includes an experimental Dolphin core for GameCube and Wii emulation on the Switch. - The Dolphin core runs on Horizon OS via custom firmware, eliminating the need for a second operating system like Android or Linux. - Tico allows for automatic game library management and a controller-first interface for better handheld use. - Custom firmware is required to run Tico on a Nintendo Switch, with different methods depending on the Switch model. - GameCube and Wii games have been tested on Tico v0.7.0, with some titles running well and others experiencing minor issues.

Winsage

April 16, 2026

FAT32 breaks free from its outdated limitation in latest Windows update

The FAT32 file system, historically limited to a 32GB partition size due to a design choice by Microsoft engineer Dave Plummer, can inherently support volumes up to 2TB with a 512-byte sector size and theoretically up to 16TB with 4KB sectors. While Windows maintained this 32GB limit, motherboard manufacturers had already developed firmware to utilize larger FAT32 drives. Tools like Rufus and GUIFormat were used to format high-capacity media, as Windows did not allow direct FAT32 formatting for drives larger than 32GB. However, with the introduction of Windows 11 Insider Preview Builds 26220.8165 and 26300.8170, users can now format large flash drives and external volumes as FAT32 directly from the Command Prompt without third-party software.

AppWizard

April 11, 2026

iBUYPOWER RDY Y70 R17 review – a fantastic RTX 5080 gaming PC

The iBUYPOWER RDY Y70 R17 is a high-end gaming PC featuring an AMD Ryzen 7 9800X3D CPU, Nvidia GeForce RTX 5080 GPU, 32GB DDR5 RAM, and a 1TB NVMe SSD. It is housed in a visually striking Hyte Y70 case that provides excellent cooling and ample upgrade potential. The system includes a 240mm AIO liquid cooler and is equipped with various front and rear ports for connectivity. It offers impressive gaming performance, achieving over 105fps in Cyberpunk 2077 at 1080p and maintaining playable frame rates at higher resolutions. The PC is priced at ,199.99 and comes with a three-year labor and two-year parts warranty. Minor shipping damage was noted, and initial CPU fan noise may require BIOS adjustments for quieter operation. The dimensions of the case are 470 x 320 x 470mm, and it weighs 13.2kg.

Winsage

April 6, 2026

Android Emulator for Low-End PC: 6 Best Picks + Run Windows Apps (2026)

A significant portion of users in India and South Asia still rely on older devices, including laptops with 2GB to 4GB of RAM and entry-level Android phones. Many mainstream Android emulators require 4–8 GB of RAM, VT support, and a dedicated GPU, but there are options designed for lower-end machines. 1. MuMu Nebula: Best for ultra-low-end PCs, requires 2GB RAM, dual-core CPU, no GPU needed, supports Android 12, and has a startup time of around three seconds. 2. LDPlayer 9: Best for gaming on budget hardware, requires 2GB RAM (4GB recommended), dual-core processor, supports Android 9/11, and features a game booster mode. 3. NoxPlayer Lite: Supports multiple Android versions (5, 7, and 9), requires 2GB RAM, basic GPU, and has a startup time of about six seconds. 4. BlueStacks 5 (Eco Mode): Requires 4GB RAM (2GB works but barely), VT required, supports Android 11, and has extensive app compatibility. 5. GameLoop: Best for Tencent games, requires 4GB RAM, no VT needed, supports Android 7.1. 6. MEmu Play: Requires 2GB RAM, recommended for multitasking and developers, supports Android 7, 9, 11. For running Windows apps on Android, tools include: 1. ExaGear: A Windows emulator for Android that supports 32-bit applications and games, requires a specific setup process. 2. Winlator: A newer emulator that supports both 32-bit and 64-bit applications, particularly good for 3D games, with a simpler installation process. Tips for improving emulator performance include closing background apps, enabling virtualization in BIOS, lowering resolution and FPS caps, setting process priority to high, disabling Windows visual effects, and using an SSD for faster load times.

AppWizard

April 6, 2026

How to Profile Modern PC Games with NVIDIA Nsight Graphics

Performance analysis in PC gaming has become more complex with the introduction of DirectX 12 and Vulkan, incorporating technologies like asynchronous compute, hardware ray tracing, and machine learning-assisted denoising. Understanding GPU performance requires advanced tools to analyze workload distribution and shader behavior, with NVIDIA Nsight Graphics being a key resource. NVIDIA Nsight Graphics is a graphics debugger and profiler for modern graphics APIs, featuring the GPU Trace Profiler, which provides detailed insights into GPU execution and performance bottlenecks. Recent updates have improved its utility, including a Flame Graph for the Shader Profiler and support for NVIDIA's DLSS in D3D12 applications. The Peak-Performance-Percentage analysis method focuses on identifying GPU workload constraints and optimizing utilization rather than relying on assumptions about performance bottlenecks. This methodology is applied using Nsight Graphics to analyze GPU traces from the game Cyberpunk 2077, contrasting traditional rasterization with path tracing enhanced by DLSS Ray Reconstruction. The test setup included an Intel Core i7-14700K CPU, 32 GB RAM, and an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 GPU, capturing two scenarios: one with raster-only settings and another with path tracing and DLSS. The analysis revealed that the rasterized frame's most costly aspect was lighting processing, while the path-traced frame showed increased total frame cost and a hybrid workload involving rasterization, ray traversal, and AI-driven processes. Key findings indicated that modern GPU performance is heavily influenced by memory behavior rather than just shader arithmetic, with significant time spent on compute-driven lighting processing and data movement. The analysis also highlighted that ray tracing performance is constrained by memory efficiency, indicating that performance does not scale linearly with RT-core throughput.

Winsage

April 2, 2026

Windows 3.1 On A Modern AM5-Based PC Is Surprisingly Usable

Enthusiasts can install Windows 3.1 on modern x86-compatible PCs, as demonstrated by tech aficionado [Omores]. The installation requires an AMD AM5 system with an Asus Prime X670-P motherboard that has a UEFI BIOS with the 'classic BIOS' Compatibility Support Module (CSM) enabled. Users can install Windows 3.1 using a USB floppy drive with backup floppies from the early 90s. Windows 3.1 features 'enhanced mode' for virtual memory and multitasking on systems with an 80386 CPU or better. The ahcifix.386 fix, developed by [PluMGMK], can resolve boot crashes related to SATA compatibility, and a separate SATA expansion card may also help. For video performance, [PluMGMK] provided the vbesvga.drv driver, which supports all VESA BIOS Extensions modes and works with the RTX 5060 Ti GPU, including DCI support for direct access to GPU VRAM. Audio functionality is robust but has minor driver-related quirks.