digital landscape

North Korea allows limited access to the internet, smartphones, and laptops, but this access is heavily monitored by the government. Citizens use rebranded Chinese smartphones equipped with surveillance software called Red Flag, which captures screenshots of user activities. The country has developed a Linux-based operating system, Red Star, that alerts authorities if a file from outside the country is opened. Software designed by North Korean engineers tags media files accessed on devices, enabling tracking of foreign content consumption. The telecommunications system, developed with Egypt's Orascom, operates a dual network for locals and tourists, preventing direct communication between the two. Foreign SIM cards are tracked and destroyed to limit global internet access. Viewing certain foreign content can lead to severe penalties, including the death penalty for materials that criticize the regime or involve pornography. There is a black market for USB drives containing contraband content, reflecting demand despite the risks. To combat the appeal of foreign entertainment, the government has created approximately 125 mobile games, including one featuring Cristiano Ronaldo, to keep citizens engaged with local content.