WhatsApp is Russia's most popular messaging application with 97 million unique monthly users as of August, while VK's Max app has 93.5 million users and Telegram has 91 million. Max, launched in March, had 32.2 million monthly users in August and over 34 million downloads in early September. Daily user engagement for Max is low, with 7 million daily users in August, increasing to 16.4 million by early September. The Russian government has imposed restrictions on voice calls via WhatsApp and Telegram, promoting Max, which is required to be pre-installed on new devices and is marketed in schools and government agencies. Analysts predict Max's user base could grow by 25% by the end of 2025, compared to a 1-9% growth for established competitors.