driver Archives

Winsage

April 23, 2026

Get Linux on your ancient 486 Windows 95 desktop using WSL9x — very old Windows PCs can cooperatively run very modern Linux kernels

A computer enthusiast has developed a tool called WSL9x, which allows users to run contemporary Linux kernels on early versions of Windows (from Windows 95 onward) and on machines with 486 CPUs. WSL9x enables the simultaneous operation of Windows and Linux applications without relying on hardware virtualization. The architecture includes a client program, wsl.com, which manages a DOS window for the console driver. Meanwhile, the Linux community is phasing out support for the Intel 486 CPU, with developers removing related support options in the Linux kernel, marking the end of support for this processor.

Winsage

April 22, 2026

You can now run WSL on Windows 95, in case you’re crazy, too

Hailey has developed the Windows 9x Subsystem for Linux (WSL9x), which allows the 6.19 Linux kernel to run on Windows 9x systems without a graphical user interface, relying instead on a terminal experience. WSL9x consists of three main components: a modified Linux kernel that interacts with Windows 9x APIs, a virtual device (VxD) driver that initializes WSL9x and manages userspace events, and a simple 16-bit DOS client for passing commands to the Linux kernel. The system handles syscalls through a general protection fault handler due to limitations in the Win9x architecture. However, this setup poses security risks as both the Linux kernel and Windows kernel operate with the same CPU privileges, meaning instability could occur if either crashes. Comprehensive instructions for installation are available on Hailey's Codeberg page.

AppWizard

April 22, 2026

Nvidia graphics research just made a 2-3x gain in performance, and this time it didn’t use AI

Nvidia has released a research paper that indicates potential graphics performance improvements of 2-3 times in certain scenarios, utilizing techniques like reciprocal neighbor selection and duplication maps, without heavily relying on artificial intelligence. The research focuses on path tracing, a rendering technique that is currently only feasible on advanced graphics cards. Nvidia's recent advancements include reservoir-based spatiotemporal importance resamplers (ReSTIRs), which could achieve up to a 65x performance improvement over existing methods. The new paper revisits this algorithm, offering an additional 2x-3x performance boost and enhancing image quality. The research suggests that path-traced modes in video games could experience significant performance enhancements, although it remains unclear if these improvements can be implemented via a simple driver update or if new hardware will be required.

BetaBeacon

April 20, 2026

Testing PC games using FEX on a high-end Android tablet can yield playable results — but the early tech is still not ready for prime time

FEX or FEX-Emu translates raw x86 instructions into ARM64 instructions, allowing Arm-based chips to run many full-fat games from the Steam Library. However, complex graphical pipelines in modern titles like Cyberpunk 2077 and Clair Obscur can cause issues with rendering geometry correctly due to community-developed graphics drivers like Turnip. Qualcomm's mobile chips were not originally designed to support desktop-level Vulkan instructions, so widespread support for mainstream games may be limited. The FEX project is ongoing, but more maturation of applications and community-made drivers is needed before FEX can be considered a feature in mainstream products.

Winsage

April 18, 2026

Microsoft’s Patch Tuesday release for April is a whopper

A series of updates have been released, focusing on system integrity and performance. Users should perform verification tasks, including installing, uninstalling, and repairing MSI packages, connecting and disconnecting cloud sync providers, and enrolling devices in Intune or MDM solutions. The Common Log File System driver (clfs.sys) is receiving a follow-up patch, along with updates to Storage Spaces (spaceport.sys) and app isolation file system drivers (bfs.sys, wcifs.sys). Users should also run Windows Update installation and rollback cycles, install and uninstall applications, and verify data integrity through backup solutions. For Storage Spaces, creating a pool with mirrored and thin virtual disks and ensuring clean deletion is necessary. April's updates for Office target MSI editions, including Excel 2016 (KB5002860), PowerPoint 2016 (KB5002808), Office 2016 shared libraries (KB5002859), and SharePoint Server editions from 2016 to 2019. These updates do not apply to Click-to-Run deployments like Microsoft 365 Apps. Users should validate complex Excel workbooks, PowerPoint presentations, SharePoint document libraries, and the functionality of Office add-ins. Testing for two High Risk components is essential: changes to Kerberos may disrupt services using RC4 keytabs, and the Remote Desktop client update requires validation of clipboard functionality, printer redirection, and session reconnection. Validating Secure Boot and BitLocker is critical as CVE-2023-24932 key rolling progresses. Additionally, cloud sync testing is important due to five patches to the Projected File System driver, and regression testing is needed for dual afd.sys updates and VPN/IPsec patches across remote-access infrastructure. Office updates are limited to MSI editions.

Winsage

April 17, 2026

What to do when device settings don’t migrate to Windows 11

On October 10, 2025, Microsoft ceased support for Windows 10, ending technical assistance, feature updates, and security updates. Organizations are required to transition to Windows 11. During the migration, IT administrators may face errors indicating that certain device settings were not successfully migrated, which can disrupt user experience. Causes of these errors include outdated or incompatible device drivers, failing physical components, incompatible software, restrictive group policies, missing registry keys, and interference from third-party tools. Affected devices may malfunction, impacting productivity. IT teams can troubleshoot these issues by restarting computers, identifying problematic devices using Device Manager, verifying and updating device drivers, checking physical devices, ensuring the operating environment is up to date, utilizing Microsoft command-line utilities, and performing clean boots or system restores if necessary.

Winsage

April 16, 2026

“The fastest path towards reinstatement”: Microsoft responds to developer backlash after account termination — but identity verification remains non-negotiable

Microsoft terminated developer accounts associated with security tools like VeraCrypt, WireGuard, and Windscribe, reportedly without notice, which led to criticism regarding its enforcement protocols. The company clarified that the suspensions were due to non-compliance with the account verification process for the Windows Hardware Program, which is to be fully implemented by October 2025. Microsoft plans to expedite the reinstatement of affected accounts for partners who resolve their compliance issues, requiring them to submit a support case with a business justification. The verification process was introduced to enhance security by controlling access to kernel-level driver signing and distribution.

Winsage

April 16, 2026

Microsoft Overhauls Windows Update for First Time in 15 Years Starting April

Microsoft is transforming its Windows Update system, starting in April, marking the most significant overhaul in over 15 years. The new system will centralize the management of operating system patches, drivers, and application updates, aiming to enhance user experience by simplifying the update process and improving reliability. Users will experience fewer interruptions, as updates will be consolidated into a single restart cycle, and updates will be scheduled during idle times to minimize disruptions. The update system will also expand support for driver and hardware updates. This transformation aligns with Microsoft's long-term vision for AI-enhanced PCs and cloud-integrated systems, enabling scalable updates for AI features and improving compliance for enterprise users. The rollout will begin gradually in April to mitigate risks associated with compatibility and execution.

Winsage

April 16, 2026

Windows 11 vs CachyOS in gaming: Has Linux finally caught up to Windows?

Serious gaming on Linux has become a reality, with modern games showing impressive performance. A performance comparison was conducted between Windows 11 (25H2 build) and CachyOS (March 2026 build), a Linux distribution optimized for gaming. The test system specifications included a Cooler Master GA27127-inch monitor, Intel Core i5 12400F CPU, 24GB DDR4 RAM, 512GB PCIe NVMe SSD, 1TB HDD, AMD Radeon RX 6700 XT GPU, and the respective operating systems with their drivers. In gaming performance benchmarks, CachyOS outperformed Windows 11 by an average of 8.6% across five tested games. Specific game performances included: - Dead Space Remake: 70 FPS (Windows 11) vs 76 FPS (CachyOS) - Resident Evil 4 Remake: 84 FPS (Windows 11) vs 95 FPS (CachyOS) - Scorn: 118 FPS (Windows 11) vs 120 FPS (CachyOS) - Silent Hill 2 Remake: 53 FPS (Windows 11) vs 54 FPS (CachyOS) - The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt Next-Gen: 95 FPS (Windows 11) vs 111 FPS (CachyOS) In ray tracing (RT) enabled games, performance varied: - Resident Evil 4 Remake: 77 FPS (Windows 11) vs 83 FPS (CachyOS) - Silent Hill 2 Remake: 30 FPS (Windows 11) vs 24 FPS (CachyOS) - The Witcher 3: 51 FPS (both systems) Most PC games are designed for Windows, while Linux games require the Proton compatibility layer, which can complicate performance. Multiplayer titles often face compatibility issues on Linux, particularly due to anti-cheat systems. Linux has matched or surpassed Windows 11 in single-player scenarios for users with AMD GPUs, while NVIDIA users face challenges due to proprietary drivers.

Winsage

April 15, 2026

Windows Vista: A Beautiful Disaster that Stole My FPS 💻🔥

Windows Vista was released in January 2007 after five years of development, following the long tenure of Windows XP since 2001. Initially, it promised a revolutionary file system, enhanced security, and improved graphics. However, a significant "Development Reset" in 2004 led to a rushed launch with many issues. Vista required a minimum of 2 GB of RAM, significantly more than Windows XP's 512 MB, causing performance problems on older computers. Many games that ran well on XP became unplayable on Vista, and users faced frequent crashes due to driver issues. The User Account Control feature was seen as intrusive and annoying. Ultimately, many users, including the author, reverted to Windows XP due to dissatisfaction with Vista, which was later followed by the more successful Windows 7 in 2009. Despite some relevant features introduced by Vista, it is often viewed as a failure compared to its predecessor.