Engineers Archives

Tech Optimizer

July 2, 2026

From monolith to Lakebase to LTAP: rethinking the database from storage up

Sixteen years ago, the author began their PhD at UC Berkeley and was advised to focus on analytics rather than OLTP databases, which were considered solved. This led to the creation of Apache Spark and Databricks. However, during the development of Databricks, it was found that OLTP databases were not solved problems; they were difficult to scale and fragile. This realization led to the development of Lakebase, a serverless Postgres database designed with modern technology. Lakebase architecture separates the write-ahead log (WAL) and data files into independent, scalable services. The WAL is externalized to a service called SafeKeeper, which uses Paxos-based replication for durability, while data files are managed by PageServer, which stores them in cloud object storage. This design addresses challenges such as data loss, scaling, and performance interference between transactional and analytical workloads. Lakebase maintains compatibility with Postgres, offers unlimited storage, serverless compute, durable writes, and simpler high availability. It also introduces LTAP (Lake Transactional/Analytical Processing), which allows both transactional and analytical processing to operate on a single data copy in real time, eliminating the need for separate data copies and reducing costs. LTAP utilizes a unified storage layer that allows data to be materialized in both row and columnar formats, optimizing it for both transactional and analytical workloads. The system ensures that analytics can access the most current data without affecting transactional performance by using a log sequence number (LSN) to retrieve the latest changes. Unlike traditional CDC approaches, LTAP requires no explicit table replication, as all data is stored in a single governed copy. This architecture circumvents common issues faced by hybrid transactional/analytical processing (HTAP) systems, such as incomplete feature sets, lack of ecosystem support, and performance contention. The Lakebase architecture has unlocked capabilities like unlimited storage, elastic compute, durable writes, and instant branching, with ongoing developments anticipated in the future.

BetaBeacon

June 28, 2026

Foldable gaming mode is coming with Android 17

A new feature called Foldable gaming mode is coming to Android 17. It allows for a customizable virtual controller to appear on the bottom half of a foldable device while the game plays on the top half. The virtual gamepad supports various controller inputs and has customization options such as button size and layout. The feature will become part of AOSP, allowing Android manufacturers to adapt it for their foldable devices.

Tech Optimizer

June 27, 2026

How AI and Visual Tools Improve PostgreSQL Query Performance and Schema Management

PostgreSQL performance tuning and schema synchronization can be time-consuming and complex, often involving manual queries, EXPLAIN plans, and schema drift. The release of dbForge Studio for PostgreSQL 2026.1 introduces AI-assisted query optimization, a visual query builder, improved schema comparison and synchronization, and a visual table editor. The AI Assistant analyzes database indexes and suggests query optimizations, providing specific recommendations rather than generic advice. The new Query Builder allows users to visually assemble queries, simplifying the process of creating multi-table joins. The Schema Compare feature enables users to compare and synchronize schemas visually, reducing the risk of errors associated with manual synchronization. The visual Table Editor facilitates table design and maintenance, automatically identifying indexes and offering auto-completion for index names. The transition from traditional methods to these new capabilities enhances efficiency, allowing developers to save time on query writing, tuning, and schema changes. The integration of AI and visual tools streamlines workflows and reduces guesswork in performance tuning and schema management.

Winsage

June 25, 2026

Windows 11 Secure Boot update released to all, hours ahead of expiry

Microsoft has begun rolling out the Secure Boot 2023 certificate update to eligible Windows 11 and Windows 10 PCs ahead of the expiration of the Microsoft Corporation KEK CA 2011 on June 24, 2026. This update enhances device targeting data for automatic Secure Boot certificate updates. Secure Boot is a firmware-level security feature that verifies digital signatures of boot components to prevent rootkits and bootkits. The certificates for Secure Boot were first issued in 2011, with subsequent expirations for related certificates occurring in June and October 2026. Users can check their Secure Boot certificate status through the Windows Security app or System Information. If a PC does not receive the update, it will still boot normally but will lose the ability to receive future boot-level security updates. Multiple restarts after updates are expected due to the Secure Boot certificate process. A new folder, C:WindowsSecureBoot, is not malware but is used for staging cryptographic certificate files. Windows 10 users enrolled in the Extended Security Updates program will also receive the Secure Boot update, while those not enrolled will not. The expiration of the KEK CA 2011 means Microsoft will not be able to sign new Secure Boot revocation payloads using the old key, but existing signed payloads will remain functional.

Winsage

June 24, 2026

Windows 11 Secure Boot update released to all, hours ahead of expiry

Microsoft has begun rolling out the Secure Boot 2023 certificate update for eligible Windows 11 and Windows 10 PCs ahead of the expiration of the original certificates on June 24, 2026. The update includes additional device targeting data to increase coverage for automatic updates. Devices receive the new certificates after demonstrating successful update signals. The original Secure Boot certificates were issued in 2011, with expiration dates set for June 24, 2026, June 27, 2026, and October 19, 2026. Microsoft has been distributing replacement 2023 certificates since 2024, with the June 2026 update expanding eligible devices significantly. Users can check their Secure Boot status through the Windows Security app or System Information. If a PC did not receive the update, it will still function normally but may not receive future boot-level security updates. Multiple restarts after updates are expected behavior, and the SecureBoot folder in Windows is not malware. Windows 10 users in the Extended Security Updates program are also receiving the Secure Boot update. The expiration of the Microsoft Corporation KEK CA 2011 on June 24 means no new Secure Boot revocation payloads can be signed with the old key, but existing signed payloads will continue to function.

Winsage

June 23, 2026

AMD Tells Windows 10 Owners To Roll Back Their Drivers As Adrenalin 26.6.2 Triggers A Yellow Bang Error

Many users of Windows 10 are experiencing issues with the AMD Adrenalin Edition 26.6.2 graphics driver, which fails to launch properly and shows a yellow exclamation mark in Device Manager. AMD has acknowledged the problem, attributing it to an incompatibility with Windows 10, and has advised users to revert to the previous driver version, Adrenalin Edition 26.6.1. This earlier version does not support FSR 4.1 for RX 7000 series GPUs. There have also been rare reports of similar errors on RX 9000 series systems. AMD's engineers are investigating the issue and working on a solution.

Winsage

June 23, 2026

Why is Windows 11 so disliked by programmers – and can Microsoft do anything to change things?

Windows is experiencing a decline in favor among developers, with many preferring macOS and Linux for coding. Although nearly half of developers (49.5%) primarily work on Windows, this is often due to organizational mandates rather than personal preference. Developers interviewed did not select Windows as their preferred environment, citing concerns about Microsoft's developer experience, cumbersome tools, and security issues. The Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) allows developers to run Linux environments on Windows 11, addressing some compatibility issues. However, there is a consensus that Microsoft should enhance WSL and align Windows more closely with Linux to attract more developers. Critics also point to the intrusive nature of ads and upselling in Windows 11 as detracting from the developer experience.

AppWizard

June 22, 2026

Steam Machine pricing starts at $1,049 for 512GB model

Valve's Steam Machine is now available for pre-order, with two versions priced at ,049 for the 512GB model and ,349 for the 2TB model, which includes a Steam Controller. The device runs on SteamOS and can play PC games, functioning as both a console and a desktop computer. Its compact design allows for easy integration into home environments. The pricing has been influenced by component shortages due to demand from AI sectors. Valve has stated that it does not follow the traditional console model of selling hardware at a loss, aiming instead for an open ecosystem. Insights suggest that the target price for the Steam Machine may have shifted significantly due to rising costs.

Winsage

June 19, 2026

Microsoft and Adobe team up and make Photoshop 20% faster on Windows

Microsoft is collaborating with Adobe to enhance the performance of Photoshop, a widely used image editing software. The partnership focuses on optimizing operations within Photoshop, which is primarily developed in C++ and compiled using Microsoft’s Visual C++ (MSVC) compiler. Microsoft aims to improve performance for CPU-intensive tasks, particularly those that are latency-sensitive, such as brush responsiveness and file-opening tasks. The engineering team activated MSVC’s "peak-performance" compilation mode and explored profile-guided optimization (PGO) to refine executables. However, due to the complexity PGO introduced, they shifted to Sample-based Profile Guided Optimizations (SPGO), which uses hardware performance samples from actual release binaries. This method allows for greater flexibility in data collection and typically yields performance improvements of 5% to 15%. By combining MSVC’s peak-performance mode with SPGO, the teams achieved a 20% performance boost on x64 Windows systems and a 13% enhancement on Arm architecture. These optimizations resulted in improved responsiveness for critical tasks in Photoshop, enhancing the user experience in professional creative workflows.

Winsage

June 18, 2026

Microsoft once used its own brand of ‘Lego’ to optimize Windows

Former Microsoft engineer Dave Plummer reflected on software performance challenges during the '90s, specifically the limitations of machines with 12 MB of RAM. He discussed the Basic Block Tool (BBT), which optimized software binaries by reorganizing their structures to enhance execution speed. A typical binary contained around 10 MB of code, but only about 300 KB was necessary for startup. If this essential code was scattered, it led to performance degradation due to excessive page access. BBT defragmented binaries, grouping related code to streamline access and improve user experience, particularly for large products like Windows and Office. Modern tools like BOLT and HP's Dynamo continue to optimize binary layouts and runtime code, but Plummer cautioned about the risks of manipulating binaries. He noted that while computational power has increased, modern software faces similar performance challenges, with larger binaries and complex dependency graphs. He emphasized the importance of locality in software design, advising to keep hot data and code together to enhance performance.