late 1990s Archives

AppWizard

December 21, 2025

How AIM taught the internet to chat

AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) was a transformative platform for online communication during the late 1990s and early 2000s, becoming a cultural phenomenon despite initial skepticism from AOL executives. It gained popularity as a means for users to connect with friends and express themselves through quirky screen names and away messages. AIM faced challenges in monetization and adapting its business model but left a significant mark on internet history. Its decline was influenced by the rise of social networks and mobile messaging apps. The story of AIM's impact is discussed in a recent episode of the Version History podcast.

Winsage

November 21, 2025

Windows turns 40 as the most influential software product in history

Microsoft Windows celebrated its 40th anniversary on November 20, 2025. The journey began with the launch of Windows 1.0 in 1985, designed as a graphical layer atop MS-DOS, requiring a graphics card and 256KB of RAM. Subsequent releases included Windows 2.0 in 1987, Windows 3.0 and 3.1 in 1990 and 1992, respectively, which introduced significant features like a 3D-styled interface and popular games. Windows 95, launched in the mid-1990s, introduced the Start menu and taskbar, selling over seven million copies shortly after its release. The late 1990s and early 2000s saw the introduction of Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows XP in 2001, which was noted for its stability. Windows Vista was released in 2007, followed by Windows 7 in 2009, and Windows 8, which faced user backlash. Windows 10 was launched in 2015, adopting a Windows-as-a-Service model, and Windows 11 continues to evolve with new design and hardware requirements.

Tech Optimizer

November 7, 2025

Reinventing PostgreSQL for the Next Generation of Apps

Enterprises are modernizing their databases due to latency issues, the need for global uptime, and licensing pressures. PostgreSQL is emerging as a preferred alternative to traditional database solutions like Oracle and SAP, focusing on reliability, control, and efficient management of modern workloads, including AI and edge applications. pgEdge, an open-source Postgres vendor, emphasizes that migration to PostgreSQL is about ensuring flexibility and avoiding vendor lock-in. PostgreSQL's governance model, independent of any single company, is a significant advantage, particularly in light of licensing audits and forced upgrades. PostgreSQL has a large developer community and is a mainstream enterprise technology, with tools like pgAdmin widely used. Concerns about operational burdens with open source are addressed by extensions like pgEdge, which enhance PostgreSQL's capabilities for high availability and seamless multi-cloud deployment. pgEdge operationalizes PostgreSQL for distributed use, automating upgrades, backups, and point-in-time recovery, leading to a lower total cost of ownership compared to proprietary models. Modern applications require edge-native databases to operate close to users, reducing latency. pgEdge supports multimaster PostgreSQL across geographically distributed clusters, allowing local read and write capabilities while maintaining data consistency. It builds on PostgreSQL’s logical replication without forking it, ensuring compatibility and consistency. pgEdge facilitates database automation on Kubernetes, managing backups, recovery, and upgrades, making it easier for platform teams. Organizations can start with a simple setup and scale to a multiregion architecture as needed, using the same PostgreSQL stack throughout. pgEdge offers container builds that cater to enterprise needs for geospatial intelligence and AI workflows. As AI applications increasingly run at the edge, pgEdge provides the necessary performance and coherence for edge-native AI. PostgreSQL's SQL compatibility and ACID compliance ease the migration process from systems like Oracle and SAP. The extensive user base across various sectors simplifies hiring PostgreSQL expertise. Combining PostgreSQL with pgEdge offers a strategic modernization pathway for enterprises needing reliable, Kubernetes-native operations and AI-ready extensions, freeing them from vendor lock-in and high licensing costs. This integration transforms PostgreSQL into a globally distributed, cloud-native control plane for data, benefiting architects, CFOs, and developers alike.

Winsage

October 16, 2025

Patch Tuesday: Windows 10 end of life pain for IT departments

Microsoft has ceased support for Windows 10 and released a significant Patch Tuesday update addressing several zero-day vulnerabilities, including CVE-2025-24990, which involves a legacy device driver that has been completely removed from Windows. This driver, the Agere Modem driver (ltmdm64.sys), supports hardware from the late 1990s and early 2000s and has not kept pace with modern security practices. The removal of the driver is a strategic decision to reduce security risks associated with outdated components, as patching such legacy code can lead to instability and may not effectively resolve vulnerabilities. Another vulnerability addressed in the update is CVE-2025-2884, related to the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0 reference implementation. Additionally, CVE-2025-49708, a critical vulnerability in the Microsoft Graphics Component with a CVSS score of 9.9, poses severe risks by allowing a full virtual machine escape, enabling attackers to gain system privileges on the host server from a low-privilege guest VM. Security experts recommend prioritizing patches for this vulnerability to maintain the integrity of virtualization security.

Winsage

October 15, 2025

Patch Tuesday: Windows 10 end of life pain for IT departments

The conclusion of support for Windows 10 has led to the discovery of several zero-day vulnerabilities, including CVE-2025-24990, which involves a legacy device driver that Microsoft has removed. This driver, associated with the Agere Modem, has not been updated to meet modern security standards and is actively exploited by attackers. Microsoft opted to remove the driver rather than patch it, as patching could lead to system instability. Another vulnerability, CVE-2025-2884, relates to the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0, with Microsoft treating it as a zero-day despite its involvement with the Trusted Computing Group. Additionally, CVE-2025-49708, a flaw in the Microsoft Graphics Component, has a CVSS score of 9.9 and allows attackers to escape from a guest virtual machine to the host operating system, posing significant security risks.

Winsage

October 15, 2025

Last Windows 10 Patch Tuesday Fixes Six Zero Days

Microsoft has released security updates for 172 vulnerabilities in October, including six zero-day vulnerabilities. Three of these zero-days are actively exploited: 1. CVE-2025-59230: A local elevation of privilege (EoP) vulnerability in the Windows Remote Access Connection Manager that requires no user interaction. 2. CVE-2025-24990: An EoP vulnerability linked to the Agere Modem driver (ltmdm64.sys), which Microsoft has decided to remove instead of patching due to its legacy nature and associated risks. 3. CVE-2025-47827: A secure boot bypass vulnerability affecting IGEL OS, with a proof of concept available since May, allowing potential kernel-level rootkit deployment. Additionally, three publicly disclosed zero-days remain unexploited: - CVE-2025-0033: A critical vulnerability in AMD EPYC processors using Secure Encrypted Virtualization – Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP), with no patch available. - CVE-2025-24052: An EoP vulnerability in the Agere Modem driver, similar to CVE-2025-24990. - CVE-2025-2884: An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in TCG TPM2.0 that could lead to information disclosure or denial of service. This month is the last Patch Tuesday for Windows 10 users to receive free updates, after which enrollment in Microsoft’s Extended Security Updates (ESU) scheme will be necessary for continued support.

AppWizard

September 5, 2025

Dragon-riding PC exclusive Drakan: Order of the Flame deserves a glorious reawakening—here’s how you can take to the skies today

Drakan: Order of the Flame is a classic action-adventure slasher game released exclusively on PC in 1999. Players assume the role of Rynn, a warrior seeking to rescue her brother Delon from the sorcerer Navaros, who has destroyed her village. The game features unique dragon-riding mechanics, allowing Rynn to summon Arokh, a fire-breathing dragon, for aerial combat and ground battles. The gameplay includes close-quarters combat reminiscent of Tomb Raider, with Rynn's agility and an inventory system that incorporates RPG elements. Despite some dated mechanics, Drakan is recognized as an underrated gem in PC gaming, with a fan site, Arokh's Lair, offering patches to help players run the game on modern hardware.

AppWizard

August 11, 2025

Nancy Drew Series Still #1 in PC Games

Nancy Drew debuted in 1930 during the Great Depression, providing an escape for families and inspiring readers with her ingenuity and bravery. She transitioned into video games in the late 1990s, with HeR Interactive launching over 30 titles starting in 1998, allowing players to embody her character without seeing her physical form. However, after 2015, the franchise faced challenges, including layoffs and a decline in game quality, as the company shifted focus to attract younger mobile audiences. Despite these changes, the games are now appealing to a broader audience, including adults. Nancy Drew symbolizes the potential for female protagonists to inspire through intelligence and determination rather than violence.

AppWizard

June 16, 2025

Russian Lawmakers Authorize Creation Of National Messaging Service

Russian lawmakers passed legislation on June 10 to establish a national instant messaging service, envisioned as a multifunctional information exchange service similar to WhatsApp. The service aims to facilitate bureaucratic and legal functions, including electronic document signing. VK, a Kremlin-aligned social media platform, is reportedly developing a new digital platform named Max, which will include chat, messaging, and payment services. The Russian government has previously launched the Gosuslugi e-government service portal, which serves around 100 million citizens and is being integrated with VK. President Vladimir Putin has expressed support for the new messaging service, instructing officials to transition services from government agencies to the platform.

Winsage

May 2, 2025

How To Dual Boot Linux and Windows on any PC

The process of installing Linux has evolved from text-based installers in the late 1990s to user-friendly graphical installers in distributions like Ubuntu and OpenSUSE. Users can start with a single-board computer like the Raspberry Pi or set up a dual-boot configuration with Windows and Linux using a custom boot menu called GRUB. It is advisable to back up the drive before installation to prevent data loss. To create a Linux Install USB, users need to download an ISO image of the Linux distribution and use Rufus to write it onto a USB drive of at least 8GB. The steps include selecting the USB drive, choosing the Linux OS, selecting the GPT partition scheme, and writing the OS in ISO image mode. For dual-boot installation, users should insert the USB drive, boot from it, and select “Try or Install Ubuntu” from the GRUB menu. After testing hardware functionality, the installation process involves selecting language, configuring accessibility, choosing keyboard layout, connecting to the Internet, and selecting installation options. Users must choose “Install Ubuntu alongside Windows Boot Manager” and allocate space for each operating system. After installation, users need to adjust BIOS settings to ensure the system boots from the Linux installation. This includes selecting the Boot menu, setting the Linux install as Boot Option 1, and saving the changes. Upon rebooting, users can select their Linux OS from the GRUB menu and verify the functionality of both operating systems.