latency Archives

AppWizard

January 9, 2026

Intel: Stutters in PC Games are “Breaking Immersion”

Google's "Project Butter," introduced with Android 4.1, aimed to improve scrolling smoothness on 60Hz smartphone displays. Intel announced the Precompiled Shader Distribution to enhance gaming performance by downloading shaders directly to PCs via Arc Control software, debuting with Panther Lake review driver downloads and initially supporting select DirectX 12 titles on Steam. Intel will update offline shaders alongside game patches and driver updates, with a focus on optimal performance. Petersen expressed support for Microsoft's efforts in precompiled shaders for Windows gaming. Intel Arc employs machine learning for its XeSS image upscaler and Xe Frame Generation system, with plans to address frame-pacing issues using AI. Petersen discussed the need to distinguish between frame generation and rasterization, emphasizing that visual improvements should be viewed separately from performance metrics like frames per second.

Tech Optimizer

January 8, 2026

Faster Is Not Always Better: Choosing the Right PostgreSQL Insert Strategy in Python (+Benchmarks)

Inserting 2 million records per second into Postgres is achievable. The analysis explores five methods for inserting data into Postgres using Python, focusing on trade-offs in abstraction, safety, convenience, and performance rather than just speed. High-volume insert workloads are common in scenarios like loading records, syncing data, backfilling analytics tables, and ingesting events. Minor inefficiencies can lead to significant performance impacts. To interact with Postgres, the psycopg3 driver is used alongside SQLAlchemy, which provides two layers: Core and ORM. Psycopg3 is a low-level driver requiring manual SQL management, while SQLAlchemy Core offers a SQL abstraction, and the ORM maps Python classes to database tables, enhancing productivity but introducing overhead. Benchmarking involves measuring only the time spent transferring data from Python to Postgres, ensuring a fair comparison among methods. The fastest method may not always be the best due to maintenance costs, correctness guarantees, and cognitive load. The right insertion strategy depends on the existing data structure rather than just row count. The ORM is suited for CRUD-heavy applications, Core for data ingestion and analytics, and the Driver for maximum throughput in extensive writes. Performance issues can arise from mismatching abstractions, and reverting to a lower level may enhance performance. A guideline for choosing methods is: - Use ORM for applications prioritizing correctness and productivity. - Use Core for data movement or transformation balancing safety and speed. - Use Driver for pushing performance limits with raw power and full responsibility.

Tech Optimizer

January 3, 2026

Why AI Workloads Are Fueling a Move Back to Postgres

The database landscape has seen transformative shifts with the rise and fall of various technologies, leading to a resurgence in the adoption of PostgreSQL (Postgres) as a favored database system for modern AI applications. AI workloads have disrupted traditional managed database models, which were designed for predictable workloads, by introducing demands for high parallelism and continuous ingestion of large datasets. Engineering teams face challenges when scaling managed Postgres instances due to IOPS limits, throttling, and latency spikes. Major database vendors are emphasizing PostgreSQL compatibility, recognizing the need for a stable SQL system with strong transactional support. Despite its advantages, traditional managed database models present limitations, including reliance on network storage that introduces latency and IOPS constraints. A new model called Bring Your Own Cloud (BYOC) Postgres is emerging, allowing organizations to control their cloud environments while leveraging managed services, improving performance by colocating data with compute resources. Utilizing local NVMe storage with Postgres can enhance performance by reducing latency and IOPS limitations. Modern Postgres platforms facilitate efficient cloning processes that support parallel experiments in AI development, leading to shorter feedback loops and faster iteration cycles. The robust ecosystem of Postgres allows it to handle diverse workloads, streamlining data management and minimizing operational complexity. Developer velocity is a critical factor in the shift back to Postgres, as it enables rapid feedback and safe testing environments, empowering teams to innovate more effectively.

Winsage

January 3, 2026

Benchmarking Windows Against Itself, From Windows XP To Windows 11

TrigrZolt conducted benchmarks on multiple Windows versions (XP, Vista, 7, 8.1, 10, and 11) using a Lenovo ThinkPad X220. Windows 8.1 had the fastest startup time due to its Fast Boot feature, while Windows 11 was notably slow, struggling to load the taskbar. Windows XP had the smallest installation size and least RAM usage at 800 MB, compared to Windows 11's 3.3 GB. In memory management tests with the Supermium browser, Windows XP and Windows 11 performed similarly under heavy usage, but Windows 7 and 8.1 managed to keep over 200 tabs open before hitting the 5 GB RAM limit. Windows 11 also performed poorly in battery life, video rendering, and application launch times, with users experiencing significant delays. The poor performance of Windows 11 is attributed to extensive code rewrites since Windows 7 and the default storage encryption with BitLocker, which slows performance. Microsoft has implemented workarounds to improve File Explorer's responsiveness. Overall, the trend indicates that increasing resource demands can lead to inefficiencies in software performance.

Winsage

January 1, 2026

Windows Reborn: Microsoft Moves Copilot into the Kernel, Launching the Era of the AI-Native OS

Microsoft is transitioning its Windows operating system to an "AI-native" platform, embedding AI capabilities directly into the Windows kernel, marking a significant architectural shift not seen in three decades. This new approach, called the "Agentic OS," allows AI to manage files, system settings, and workflows proactively. The updated kernel, partially rewritten in Rust, includes a new NPU-aware scheduler that treats the Neural Processing Unit as a primary resource. Microsoft has introduced "Agent Workspace" and "Agent Accounts" for autonomous agents, ensuring actions are logged and audited for compliance. Communication between agents and the system is facilitated by the Model Context Protocol (MCP). Hardware requirements for the new OS have increased, with benchmarks set for NPUs achieving 80 to 100 TOPS. Major PC manufacturers are adjusting their portfolios to accommodate "Agentic PCs." The competitive landscape is evolving, with companies like Alphabet and Apple developing their own AI-native platforms. The introduction of the AI-native kernel raises privacy and security concerns, with Microsoft implementing measures to restrict third-party access to the kernel. Future updates may include "self-healing" capabilities and "Cross-Device Agency," leading to a more integrated personal AI experience.

AppWizard

December 31, 2025

Why Modern PC Games Are CPU-Bound Again

Modern PC gaming faces a challenge where gamers experience underutilized GPUs at around 60% capacity, leading to faltering frame rates despite investing in high-end graphics cards. This issue arises not from CPU inadequacy but from gaming demands evolving faster than how games utilize CPU power. Players upgrading to more powerful GPUs like the RTX 4080 or RX 7900 XT report minimal frame rate improvements, particularly at 1080p and 1440p resolutions, with CPU cores being pushed to their limits while GPU usage declines. This trend is evident across various game genres, and even DirectX 12, which offers improved multithreading, struggles to scale effectively beyond six to eight cores. Developers recognize these CPU limitations but find it challenging to address them. Modern games simulate numerous elements continuously, rely on real-time asset streaming, and face difficulties in distributing workloads effectively across CPU cores. Additionally, console hardware influences game design, often leading to CPU-bound scenarios on high-end PCs. Performance varies between Intel and AMD CPUs depending on game design, with some games demonstrating effective CPU scaling while others do not. CPU bottlenecks are expected to persist as GPU advancements outpace CPU improvements, emphasizing the need for gamers to consider CPU capabilities alongside GPU upgrades.

Winsage

December 30, 2025

These Changes Stopped Windows Updates From Wrecking My PC Performance

Windows updates can enhance system stability and performance, but they often lead to issues such as stutters and slowdowns due to the unpredictable nature of how updates affect system behavior. Microsoft's release notes do not provide comprehensive details about changes, which can include adjustments to task scheduling, background services, and driver interactions. Independent driver updates, particularly for GPUs and chipsets, can also impact performance negatively. Users have reported significant performance declines after updates, sometimes requiring hotfixes. To manage updates effectively, users can treat Windows updates as optional, be conservative with driver updates, stabilize power management settings, and ensure rollback options are available. This approach can lead to a more predictable and stable system performance.

AppWizard

December 30, 2025

Gemini control to Android: Will we talk to our phones more in 2026?

At the I/O 2025 event, Google presented Project Astra, showcasing its AI, Gemini, which can control Android devices to perform tasks like retrieving web content, playing YouTube videos, managing emails, and making phone calls. The demonstration illustrated Gemini's ability to navigate PDFs and transition between apps. Google introduced a Computer Use model for developers, enabling Gemini to interact with user interfaces in a human-like manner, currently optimized for web browsers. Apple is also enhancing Siri's capabilities to perform actions across multiple apps using voice commands. Google's approach is more generalized and not reliant on prior integrations, aiming to improve user interaction. The new Google Assistant, introduced in 2019, promised to allow voice operation of phones and multitasking across apps but faced challenges and limited adoption. Advancements in generative AI may enable more conversational command issuance, potentially addressing previous limitations. The integration of this technology could significantly impact wearable devices, allowing for phone control and information relay from secondary devices. The future of voice control as a primary interaction method for smartphones remains uncertain.

Winsage

December 28, 2025

Your Windows SSD Could Be Faster, Microsoft’s New Update Reveals Why

Microsoft introduced a native NVMe driver in Windows Server 2025 to improve SSD performance by eliminating bottlenecks associated with the SCSI translation protocol. This driver allows for direct communication between NVMe drives and Windows, resulting in substantial improvements in random IOPS and reduced CPU overhead for enterprise systems. Tech-savvy users have found a way to enable this driver on Windows 11, leading to reported increases in throughput of up to 45 percent in specific storage tests. The performance enhancements are particularly noticeable in random access workloads, although users should be cautious when modifying the Windows registry due to potential risks. Speed improvements may not be significant for average users but could benefit power users and those running IOPS-intensive applications.

AppWizard

December 27, 2025

How to Properly Benchmark your PC Games Using CapFrameX

Average Frames Per Second (FPS) is a common metric in PC gaming performance, but consistency in gameplay experience is equally important, highlighted by metrics such as 1% low and 0.1% low average FPS. CapFrameX is a tool used for capturing and analyzing detailed performance data, including frametimes, which provide a more accurate assessment of gaming performance than basic FPS counters. Key metrics generated by CapFrameX include: - Average FPS: Overall framerate averaged across the capture session. - 1% low average FPS: Average of the worst 1% of framerates, indicating sustained performance. - 0.1% low average FPS: Average of the worst 0.1% of framerates, highlighting rare but significant performance dips. To ensure accurate benchmarking results with CapFrameX, users should update their UEFI BIOS, operating system, and drivers, clear unnecessary applications, configure power settings for maximum performance, monitor temperatures, and conduct multiple benchmark runs under consistent conditions. The setup process for CapFrameX includes downloading the software, configuring capture options, and verifying the setup through test captures. After capturing benchmark runs, users can analyze the data using the Analysis and Comparison tabs in CapFrameX to evaluate performance metrics and identify potential issues. Common pitfalls in benchmarking include inconsistent scenes, overlooking frametime variance, and not preparing the system properly.