On August 25, Google announced a policy change requiring all app developers to verify their identities before their applications can operate on certified Android devices, extending this requirement to all apps, including side-loaded ones. This policy allows Google to prevent users from running disapproved applications, raising concerns about user freedom and control over their devices. Google cites cybersecurity concerns, claiming that side-loaded apps have led to a significant increase in malware. The company aims to collect personal information from developers to enhance user security, despite criticisms regarding the effectiveness of this approach. Data breaches have become increasingly common, with notable incidents affecting millions, and identity theft costs Americans billions annually. The text discusses the potential of cryptography to enhance trust in digital interactions, highlighting technologies like PGP and concepts like webs of trust as solutions to secure identity verification. Alternative app stores and operating systems focused on user privacy are emerging as potential responses to the challenges posed by Google's policy.