pre-installed applications

A sophisticated Android spyware campaign called ClayRat is targeting users in Russia through Telegram channels and deceptive phishing websites that mimic popular applications like WhatsApp and TikTok. Once activated, ClayRat can exfiltrate sensitive data such as SMS messages and call logs, access device information, take photos, and send messages or make calls from the victim's device. It propagates by sending malicious links to all contacts in the victim's phone book. Over the past 90 days, Zimperium has identified over 600 samples and 50 droppers of ClayRat, which uses advanced obfuscation techniques to evade detection. The malware redirects users to fraudulent websites leading to Telegram channels, where they are lured into downloading APK files. Some samples function as droppers, displaying counterfeit Play Store update screens while concealing the actual payload. Once installed, ClayRat communicates with its command-and-control infrastructure and can capture sensitive content, making infected devices automated distribution nodes. Additionally, a study by researchers from the University of Luxembourg and Université Cheikh Anta Diop found that pre-installed applications on budget Android smartphones sold in Africa operate with elevated privileges, with 9% disclosing sensitive data and 16% exposing critical components without safeguards.