process injection Archives

Tech Optimizer

July 7, 2025

XWorm RAT Deploys New Stagers and Loaders to Bypass Defenses

The XWorm Remote Access Trojan (RAT) has evolved its attack strategies by incorporating advanced stagers and loaders to evade detection. It is known for its capabilities, including keylogging, remote desktop access, data exfiltration, and command execution, and is particularly targeted at the software supply chain and gaming sectors. Recent campaigns have paired XWorm with AsyncRAT for initial access before deploying ransomware using the leaked LockBit Black builder. XWorm utilizes various file formats and scripting languages for payload delivery, often through phishing campaigns with deceptive lures like invoices and shipping notifications. It employs obfuscation techniques, including Base64 encoding and AES encryption, and manipulates Windows security features to avoid detection. Persistence mechanisms such as registry run keys and scheduled tasks ensure sustained access. XWorm conducts system reconnaissance, queries for antivirus software, and attempts to disable Microsoft Defender. It can propagate via removable media and execute commands from command-and-control servers. The Splunk Threat Research Team has developed detections for suspicious activities related to XWorm infections. Indicators of compromise include various file hashes for different scripts and loaders associated with XWorm.

Tech Optimizer

May 21, 2025

Lumma Stealer: Breaking down the delivery techniques and capabilities of a prolific infostealer

Microsoft has monitored Lumma Stealer, an infostealer malware used by financially motivated threat actors. Lumma Stealer, also known as LummaC2, functions as a malware-as-a-service (MaaS) solution that extracts data from browsers and applications, including cryptocurrency wallets. The entity behind Lumma is identified as Storm-2477, which maintains the malware and its command-and-control (C2) infrastructure. Affiliates can create malware binaries and manage C2 communications through a panel provided by Storm-2477. Ransomware groups have integrated Lumma Stealer into their operations. Lumma Stealer employs various delivery techniques, including phishing emails, malvertising, drive-by downloads, Trojanized applications, and abuse of legitimate services. Specific campaigns have been identified, such as one in April 2025 that used EtherHiding and ClickFix techniques to deliver Lumma Stealer via compromised websites. Another campaign on April 7, 2025, targeted Canadian organizations with emails containing invoice lures that led to malicious downloads. The malware is developed using C++ and ASM, employing advanced obfuscation techniques to evade detection. It can extract a wide range of user data, including browser credentials, cryptocurrency wallet information, and user documents. Lumma Stealer maintains a robust C2 infrastructure with multiple hardcoded and fallback C2 servers, utilizing encryption methods to secure communications. Microsoft's Digital Crimes Unit has disrupted Lumma Stealer's infrastructure by blocking approximately 2,300 malicious domains. Recommendations to mitigate the impact of Lumma Stealer include strengthening Microsoft Defender configurations, implementing multifactor authentication, and utilizing phishing-resistant authentication methods. Microsoft Defender products can detect and block activities associated with Lumma Stealer, providing alerts and insights for incident response.

Winsage

May 12, 2025

Microsoft Defender Discovers Zero-Day Vulnerability in Windows CLFS

The deployment of PipeMagic preceded a sophisticated exploit targeting the Common Log File System (CLFS) kernel driver, initiated from a dllhost.exe process. The exploit began with the NtQuerySystemInformation API, which leaked kernel addresses to user mode. In Windows 11, version 24H2, access to specific System Information Classes within this API was restricted to users with SeDebugPrivilege, rendering the exploit ineffective on this version. The exploit then used a memory corruption technique with the RtlSetAllBits API to overwrite its process token with 0xFFFFFFFF, granting it all available privileges and enabling process injection into SYSTEM-level operations. A CLFS BLF file was created at C:ProgramDataSkyPDFPDUDrv.blf, marking the exploit's activity.

Tech Optimizer

April 15, 2025

New ‘Waiting Thread Hijacking’ Malware Technique Evades Modern Security Measures

Security researchers have developed a new malware process injection technique called "Waiting Thread Hijacking" (WTH), which executes harmful code within legitimate processes while avoiding detection by security measures. This method improves upon traditional Thread Execution Hijacking by using a different sequence of operations that bypasses commonly monitored API calls. WTH involves allocating memory and injecting malicious payloads using standard functions, identifying dormant threads within the target process, acquiring thread context with less suspicious permissions, and overwriting the return address on the stack with the injected shellcode. The technique ensures stability by preserving the original state of the thread and allows it to resume normal operations after executing the malicious code. Additionally, WTH employs an obfuscation technique that distributes its steps across multiple child processes to evade behavioral detection systems. While WTH can avoid many conventional detection triggers, it is not completely immune, as some Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solutions can block unauthorized memory writes. Check Point Research has observed that WTH is effective against certain EDRs while others can block it but not older methods, illustrating the variability in EDR capabilities.