The Russian government has officially blocked WhatsApp, owned by Meta Platforms, due to its failure to comply with local laws. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov confirmed this decision and encouraged citizens to use MAX, a state-backed messaging service, as an alternative. Critics have raised concerns about MAX being a potential surveillance tool, which the authorities denied. The ban on WhatsApp follows six months of pressure on the platform as part of a broader strategy by Russian authorities to establish a "sovereign" communications infrastructure. Meta Russia has been designated as an extremist organization, and WhatsApp criticized the government's actions, warning that blocking the app could increase risks for over 100 million users in Russia. Restrictions include the removal of WhatsApp's domain names from Russia's national register, forcing users to access it via VPNs. The government has also imposed restrictions on other social media platforms and has fined WhatsApp for not removing prohibited content, insisting on the establishment of a local representative office, which has not occurred.