Diamond ore blocks can be found between Y=16 and Y=-64, with the optimal mining level being Y=-59. The ideal range for maximizing diamond yield is between Y=-53 and Y=-59. Rarer diamond ore variants can be found between Y=0 and Y=8. Effective methods for obtaining diamonds include cave exploration and strip/branch mining, with a focus on enclosed caves and mining tunnels at Y=-53. Essential items for diamond hunting include an iron pickaxe, enchantments (Fortune 3, Unbreaking, Efficiency), shield and armor, water bucket, food, torches, and night vision potions. Mining should cease at levels Y=-50 and above or below Y=-64 to avoid diminished diamond ore generation.