North Korean hackers targeted ethnic Koreans in China with a malware disguised as a popular Android mobile game called BirdCall, allowing them to steal personal data from victims.
ReactOS has merged its Live and Boot ISOs into a single installation image, simplifying the installation process for users. This integration allows users to test the OS in a live environment and transition to installation without needing multiple discs or USB drives. The installation process still resembles older Windows versions with a text-based setup, but a full graphical installation interface is expected in the upcoming 0.4.16 build. Additionally, ReactOS is expanding its hardware compatibility with a new ATA storage driver, enabling it to boot on a wider range of storage devices. ReactOS is currently in its alpha stage of development and is not yet suitable for everyday use.
The term "badly optimized" in PC gaming is often used when a game does not meet players' expectations for frames per second (FPS) after release. Game performance is influenced by various factors beyond the graphics processing unit (GPU), including central processing unit (CPU) workloads, shader compilation, memory usage, and GPU driver behavior. Frame consistency is crucial; a game may have a high average FPS but still feel unsmooth due to inconsistent frame pacing.
Performance is not dictated solely by the GPU; modern games require a balance across the entire system, including CPU and memory management. When a game exceeds its video RAM (VRAM) capacity, it can lead to stuttering as the system resorts to slower memory. Storage devices also impact performance, as modern games stream large amounts of data.
Average FPS can be misleading; consistent frametimes are more indicative of a smooth experience. Benchmarks often include 1% and 0.1% lows to account for stuttering. Visual quality should align with performance demands, and well-optimized games allow players to achieve good visuals without significant performance loss.
Shader compilation stutter can occur if shaders are compiled during gameplay, leading to interruptions. Technologies like NVIDIA DLSS and AMD FSR can improve performance but should not mask underlying optimization issues. The belief that older games were better optimized is a myth, as many faced significant performance issues at launch.
Perceptions of optimization can vary among players, influenced by individual sensitivities to FPS and frametime fluctuations. A more nuanced approach to evaluating game optimization is needed, considering multiple criteria such as the scope of the game, performance data beyond averages, and the balance between visuals and performance demands.
Microsoft has lifted the FAT32 file system's volume limit in a recent preview version of Windows 11, allowing users to format storage devices with capacities of up to 2 terabytes, an increase from the previous maximum of 32 gigabytes. This change addresses a long-standing limitation that has existed since 1996. Additionally, Microsoft is enhancing the partition tool in Windows 11, improving its speed and responsiveness for managing multiple partitions. These updates are currently being tested in the Windows Insider Program, with no confirmed timeline for broader availability.
Microsoft has released new test builds for Windows Insiders, specifically Dev Build 26300.8170 and Beta Build 26220.8165, which remove the 32GB limit on FAT32 formatting for external drives. Users can now format external drives up to 2TB using FAT32 through the Command Prompt. This change, which has been anticipated by users, is a shift from the long-standing restriction that required third-party applications or specialized commands for larger drives. The enhancement applies only to the Command Prompt, as the graphical interface remains unchanged, and the 4GB file size limit for individual files on FAT32 drives still applies. This feature is currently available only in preview versions for Windows Insiders, with a broader rollout planned for future standard Windows 11 updates.
Modern PCs, even with mid-range hardware, can experience performance issues not solely due to hardware limitations but because of how Windows operates. The operating system runs numerous background services that consume resources, including Connected User Experiences and Telemetry, Diagnostic Policy Service, and Windows Error Reporting. These services log activity and send data to Microsoft, leading to unexpected CPU spikes and disk usage.
Startup applications, such as Microsoft Teams and OneDrive, also contribute to longer boot times and increased resource usage. Users should monitor and limit these applications to improve startup performance.
Legacy features like SysMain, Windows Search indexing, and automatic folder type discovery can hinder performance on modern systems, as they were designed for older hardware and can cause unnecessary disk activity.
Microsoft services like Copilot and OneDrive continuously run in the background, consuming memory and CPU resources, which affects overall system performance.
Windows' power management settings prioritize energy efficiency over performance, leading to inconsistent responsiveness and delays during tasks. This conservative approach impacts various components, making the system feel sluggish.
Windows 11 Pro includes several features that enhance productivity for users, particularly freelancers, hybrid workers, and small businesses.
- BitLocker To Go: This feature encrypts removable storage devices, protecting sensitive data on USB drives and external hard drives, which is crucial for users who transfer client documents and backups.
- Remote Desktop: It allows users to access a central machine remotely, providing a familiar workspace and reducing setup time when switching devices.
- Windows Update for Business Controls: This feature gives users control over the timing of updates and restarts, minimizing disruptions during work hours.
- Dev Drive: A specialized feature for developers that creates a dedicated volume for development activities, improving organization and potentially enhancing performance.
- Provisioning Packages: This feature simplifies the setup of multiple devices by allowing users to apply a bundle of settings and configurations at once, saving time during the setup process.
A clean install of Windows can improve system performance and resolve issues. To begin, back up important files to a NAS, secondary PC, external storage, or cloud service. Wipe the system disk and start fresh. For installing Windows 11, options include performing a Cloud Download reinstall via the Windows Recovery Environment or using external storage with Microsoft's Media Creation Tool or an ISO. Microsoft updates installation ISOs monthly, reducing the need for additional driver installations. Download necessary drivers beforehand, focusing on graphics and chipset drivers.
To perform a clean installation, download the latest Windows 11 Disk Image (ISO) from Microsoft's website and use Rufus to write it to external storage. Rufus allows bypassing certain Windows 11 requirements, such as Secure Boot and TPM 2.0, and can facilitate creating a local account instead of using a Microsoft account. Ensure updated BIOS installations are checked if applicable. After writing the installation media, boot from it by accessing the boot menu or adjusting the UEFI setup. During installation, delete existing partitions and select empty space to proceed. Finally, install drivers post-installation.
On December 15, 2025, Microsoft announced native NVMe support in Windows Server 2025, marking a significant evolution in data management and access. The new architecture replaces Disk.sys with NVMeDisk.sys, allowing direct communication from the filesystem to hardware via StorMQ, eliminating latency and enhancing performance. Testing revealed increased read speeds, particularly in random 4K and 64K benchmarks, with significant reductions in average read latency and lower CPU usage during sequential operations. Write operations showed modest improvements. A registry modification is required to enable this feature, and caution is advised due to potential complications with NVMe drives when deduplication is enabled.
Microsoft has introduced hardware-accelerated BitLocker encryption in Windows 11 (25H2) and Windows Server (2025 with the September Update), enhancing performance and efficiency. This feature, revealed at Ignite 2025, utilizes UFS Inline Crypto Engine technology to address performance issues associated with software-based encryption, which historically reduced SSD performance by up to 45%. The new technology can deliver up to twice the storage performance in certain workloads and is compatible with TCG Opal-compliant storage devices. Future implementations will use Intel Core Ultra series 3 CPUs with crypto offloading capabilities. Supported devices with NVMe drives will use hardware-accelerated BitLocker with the XTS-AES-256 algorithm by default, resulting in up to 70% fewer CPU cycles for BitLocker workloads and improved battery life for mobile devices. Performance tests show significant improvements, with read speeds increasing from 1632 MB/s to 3746 MB/s and write speeds from 1510 MB/s to 3530 MB/s.
