Subsystem Archives

Winsage

April 25, 2026

Linux and Windows 95 running side by side? This dev made it happen.

Open-source developer "Hailey" has introduced the Windows 9x Subsystem for Linux (WSL9X), which allows users to run both Windows and Linux applications simultaneously on classic versions of Windows, including Windows 95, 98, and Me. WSL9X operates by running a modern Linux kernel (6.19) alongside the Windows 9x kernel, enabling features such as paging, memory protection, and pre-emptive scheduling. It is neither emulation nor virtualization and does not require hardware virtualization. WSL9X is available for download, but users must build it from the source provided by Hailey. It allows access to a genuine Linux terminal alongside classic Windows applications, enabling various tasks without compromising system stability.

Winsage

April 24, 2026

WSL9x: Add An Entire Windows 9x Subsystem To Your Linux

The Linux Subsystem for Windows 9x, led by Hailey Somerville, allows Linux to run within the Windows 9x framework by modifying the Linux kernel to interface with Windows 9x kernel APIs. Users need to create a specially modified Linux kernel (version 6.19) and a disk image with Windows 9x installed. The subsystem can be initiated with the wsl command, enabling both kernels to operate together. This initiative is reminiscent of Cooperative Linux and parallels the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL2) on Windows 10 and later. Contributions from the community have been vital to the project's development.

Winsage

April 23, 2026

Get Linux on your ancient 486 Windows 95 desktop using WSL9x — very old Windows PCs can cooperatively run very modern Linux kernels

A computer enthusiast has developed a tool called WSL9x, which allows users to run contemporary Linux kernels on early versions of Windows (from Windows 95 onward) and on machines with 486 CPUs. WSL9x enables the simultaneous operation of Windows and Linux applications without relying on hardware virtualization. The architecture includes a client program, wsl.com, which manages a DOS window for the console driver. Meanwhile, the Linux community is phasing out support for the Intel 486 CPU, with developers removing related support options in the Linux kernel, marking the end of support for this processor.

Winsage

April 22, 2026

You can now run WSL on Windows 95, in case you’re crazy, too

Hailey has developed the Windows 9x Subsystem for Linux (WSL9x), which allows the 6.19 Linux kernel to run on Windows 9x systems without a graphical user interface, relying instead on a terminal experience. WSL9x consists of three main components: a modified Linux kernel that interacts with Windows 9x APIs, a virtual device (VxD) driver that initializes WSL9x and manages userspace events, and a simple 16-bit DOS client for passing commands to the Linux kernel. The system handles syscalls through a general protection fault handler due to limitations in the Win9x architecture. However, this setup poses security risks as both the Linux kernel and Windows kernel operate with the same CPU privileges, meaning instability could occur if either crashes. Comprehensive instructions for installation are available on Hailey's Codeberg page.

Winsage

April 20, 2026

Emergency Update for Windows Server Following Reboot Issues

Microsoft has released emergency updates for various versions of Windows Server due to issues arising from the April 2026 Patch Tuesday security updates. A significant problem was a reboot loop affecting domain controllers caused by crashes of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS), which disrupted authentication services. This issue was especially problematic during the setup of new domain controllers. Additionally, some Windows Server 2025 systems encountered difficulties in installing the security update KB5082063. The out-of-band update (KB5091157) for Windows Server 2025 addresses both the installation failure and the domain controller restart issue. Other updates targeting the domain controller restart problem were released for additional supported Windows Server versions. Microsoft has introduced an out-of-band update for seven versions, including KB5091157 for Windows Server 2025 and KB5091571 for Windows Server, version 23H2. Furthermore, some Windows Server 2025 devices may boot into BitLocker recovery mode after the update, requiring users to enter a BitLocker recovery key.

Winsage

April 20, 2026

Microsoft releases emergency updates to fix Windows Server issues

Microsoft has confirmed that some administrators are experiencing difficulties installing the KB5082063 security update on Windows Server 2025. This month's Patch Tuesday updates have caused certain Windows servers, especially those with domain controller roles, to enter a restart loop due to failures in the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS). Microsoft has released emergency out-of-band updates, including KB5091157 for Windows Server 2025, to address both the installation failure and the restart issues. Additionally, some Windows Server 2025 devices may boot into BitLocker recovery mode after installing the KB5082063 update. A bug affecting Windows Server 2019 and Windows Server 2022 that caused unexpected upgrades to Windows Server 2025 has also been resolved. Microsoft has issued various emergency updates throughout the year to address other issues, including a Bluetooth device visibility bug and vulnerabilities in the Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS).

AppWizard

April 6, 2026

How to Profile Modern PC Games with NVIDIA Nsight Graphics

Performance analysis in PC gaming has become more complex with the introduction of DirectX 12 and Vulkan, incorporating technologies like asynchronous compute, hardware ray tracing, and machine learning-assisted denoising. Understanding GPU performance requires advanced tools to analyze workload distribution and shader behavior, with NVIDIA Nsight Graphics being a key resource. NVIDIA Nsight Graphics is a graphics debugger and profiler for modern graphics APIs, featuring the GPU Trace Profiler, which provides detailed insights into GPU execution and performance bottlenecks. Recent updates have improved its utility, including a Flame Graph for the Shader Profiler and support for NVIDIA's DLSS in D3D12 applications. The Peak-Performance-Percentage analysis method focuses on identifying GPU workload constraints and optimizing utilization rather than relying on assumptions about performance bottlenecks. This methodology is applied using Nsight Graphics to analyze GPU traces from the game Cyberpunk 2077, contrasting traditional rasterization with path tracing enhanced by DLSS Ray Reconstruction. The test setup included an Intel Core i7-14700K CPU, 32 GB RAM, and an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 GPU, capturing two scenarios: one with raster-only settings and another with path tracing and DLSS. The analysis revealed that the rasterized frame's most costly aspect was lighting processing, while the path-traced frame showed increased total frame cost and a hybrid workload involving rasterization, ray traversal, and AI-driven processes. Key findings indicated that modern GPU performance is heavily influenced by memory behavior rather than just shader arithmetic, with significant time spent on compute-driven lighting processing and data movement. The analysis also highlighted that ray tracing performance is constrained by memory efficiency, indicating that performance does not scale linearly with RT-core throughput.

Winsage

March 31, 2026

Fastfetch 2.61 System Information Tool Drops Windows 7 and 8 Support

Fastfetch version 2.61 has been released, discontinuing support for Windows 7 and 8, with Windows 8.1 as the oldest supported version. The GPU module on Windows now uses DXCore for improved detection accuracy, available only on Windows 10 and later. In the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), the GPU module has been optimized for speed but may have reduced accuracy due to the removal of directx-headers. On Linux, Fastfetch has transitioned to a pure C implementation, enhancing performance and simplifying the build process. New features include a brightness option for color display, detection of Bluetooth keyboards on Linux, display of empty memory slots, support for GlazeWM detection, identification of marketing product names on Asahi Linux, and recognition of M5-based Mac models on macOS. Improvements in hardware detection and system reporting have been made across all platforms, with enhanced SMBIOS data handling and reliability for Intel-based Macs. Stability improvements for terminating child processes on Windows have also been implemented. Critical fixes address missing memory device reporting, CPU cache deduplication issues, accurate window manager version reporting for niri, SSID decoding problems, and a Windows-specific issue affecting the command prompt code page.

Winsage

March 31, 2026

What Is Conhost.exe?

Conhost.exe, or Console Window Host, is a legitimate Windows system process responsible for managing the display and behavior of console windows such as Command Prompt and PowerShell. It facilitates text rendering and manages input/output interactions with the graphical user interface. Each time a console application is launched, a new instance of conhost.exe is created, and multiple instances can appear in Task Manager based on active console applications. To verify the authenticity of conhost.exe, it should run from C:WindowsSystem32 or C:WindowsSysWOW64, have a valid Microsoft Windows Publisher digital signature, and not make outbound network connections. High CPU usage or unusual behavior may indicate malware masquerading as conhost.exe. Troubleshooting steps for issues related to conhost.exe include running a malware scan, checking for Windows updates, updating device drivers, and using the System File Checker. Disabling conhost.exe is not advisable as it is essential for the functioning of console applications.

Winsage

March 31, 2026

Microsoft to upgrade Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) with faster file access, better networking and easier setup

Microsoft plans to enhance the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) in 2026, focusing on several key improvements for developers. These enhancements include: - Faster file performance between Linux and Windows to address current latency issues. - Improved network compatibility and throughput for better communication between environments. - A streamlined setup and onboarding experience to simplify installation for newcomers. - Enhanced enterprise management and security features to improve control and safety in corporate settings.