sudo Archives

Tech Optimizer

April 8, 2026

PostgreSQL logical replication: How to replicate only the data that you need

Many organizations using PostgreSQL face challenges in replicating data across different logical databases while controlling shared information. PostgreSQL 15 introduces native logical replication with column-level and row-level filtering within publications, allowing precise control over data transfer between PostgreSQL databases. Logical replication operates on a publish-subscribe model, where the source database logs changes to the Write-Ahead Log (WAL) and applies publication filters to transmit only the relevant data to the target database. Two filtering modes are available: column-level filtering allows users to specify which columns to replicate, while row-level filtering uses WHERE clauses to determine which rows to include. Both filtering modes can be combined in a single publication. The SQL syntax for creating publications and subscriptions is consistent across various PostgreSQL environments, with specific configurations required for enabling logical replication. Use cases for logical replication include multi-tenant SaaS data isolation, regional data distribution for ecommerce, PCI DSS compliance in financial services, development and testing environments, and retail inventory management. Prerequisites for implementing logical replication include using PostgreSQL 15 or later, ensuring network connectivity, having a user with replication privileges, enabling logical replication on the source instance, and monitoring WAL retention. Logical replication has limitations, such as the need for a replica identity for UPDATE and DELETE operations, the non-replication of DDL changes and sequences, and potential performance overhead during initial synchronization and ongoing replication. After testing, it is advisable to clean up by removing replication resources to prevent unnecessary costs.

Winsage

March 26, 2026

Wine 11 might be the tipping point that finally pushes gamers from Windows to Linux

The latest release of Wine, version 11, introduces a feature called NTSYNC, a kernel driver that enhances performance for Windows games running on Linux, achieving performance gains of up to 678%. This is accomplished through a new device, /dev/ntsync, which allows the Linux kernel to handle thread synchronization natively, replacing the previous Remote Procedure Call method. Wine 11 also completes the WoW64 implementation, enabling seamless running of both 32- and 64-bit games without multilib libraries. Other enhancements include improvements to the Wayland driver, EGL as the default backend for OpenGL rendering, initial support for hardware-accelerated H.264 decoding, improved force feedback support, a new Bluetooth driver, support for Zip64 compression, Unicode 17.0.0 support, TWAIN 2.0 scanning for 64-bit apps, and IPv6 ping functionality. Wine 11 is available in most Linux distributions' default repositories, except for Ubuntu 24.04, which lacks the necessary kernel support.

Winsage

March 12, 2026

After decades with Linux, I tried to use Windows 11 – and found 9 glaring issues

Jack Wallen transitioned from Linux to Windows 11 for a week and encountered several frustrations: 1. Creating a local account was cumbersome compared to Linux. 2. Google passkeys did not work without enabling the "Hello" service. 3. The Mailbird email client demanded payment after installation, locking him out of other applications. 4. The natural scrolling feature reverted to its default setting despite attempts to disable it. 5. Advertisements appeared within the Windows 11 interface. 6. The default save location for files was OneDrive, which he had not logged into. 7. Windows 11 used excessive resources, causing his laptop to run hot. 8. Virus and Threat Protection settings were not enabled by default. 9. The laptop screen failed to enter hibernation or turn off automatically, risking battery drain.

Winsage

January 29, 2026

Can’t upgrade to Windows 11? I found the best Linux distro to replace your Windows 10 PC

SDesk is an Arch-based Linux distribution available for free installation on an unlimited number of computers. It features a user-friendly GNOME desktop environment that resembles traditional operating systems like Windows and macOS, including a panel, menu, top bar, favorites, and desktop icons. Pre-installed applications include LibreOffice, Geary, GNOME Music, GNOME Video, Octopi, GNOME Maps, and Swirl. Users can install additional software via Octopi or Flatpak. The distribution offers a visually appealing and functional layout, with quick application launch times and a window snapping feature for enhanced productivity. However, it has some issues, such as a desktop lock-up after updates and a lack of multimedia codecs for MP3 and MP4 playback, which can be resolved by installing VLC.

Winsage

January 19, 2026

How to run Windows apps on Linux with Wine

With the end of support for Windows 10, Zorin OS saw over 100,000 downloads within two days. Many users are looking to run Windows applications on Linux, which can be done using Wine, a compatibility layer for running Windows applications on Linux. Wine's latest version, Wine 11, includes features such as NTSYNC support, a unified 64-bit binary, enhanced Wayland/X11 integration, improved graphics via Vulkan/D3D12, better gamepad support, and smoother performance through WoW64. To install a Windows application like Notepad++ on Linux using Wine, users need to download the installer, navigate to the Downloads directory in the terminal, and run the installer with the command PLACEHOLDER62382e95b0b64d01. If 32-bit support is missing, it can be added with the command PLACEHOLDER069a94c8ac48a981. Additionally, users can install Windows applications through Winetricks, which simplifies the process by automatically downloading and running the necessary installers. Some applications may require further configuration, particularly games, which can be adjusted using Winetricks.

Winsage

January 10, 2026

How to edit text files directly from Command Prompt and PowerShell on Windows 11 — using Microsoft Edit just like Linux’s Nano

Windows 11 includes the Microsoft Edit command-line tool for editing text files directly within Command Prompt or PowerShell. The tool is under 250KB in size. To install Microsoft Edit, users can open Command Prompt as an administrator and run the command: winget install --id Microsoft.Edit. Alternatively, it can be downloaded from GitHub, but manual configuration is required. To use Microsoft Edit, users can launch it by typing PLACEHOLDERb167be8248c505bb in Command Prompt or PLACEHOLDER4905f66b5f26fc6f for administrator access. Existing text files can be edited using the command edit filename.txt, and new files can be created with the same command. Basic editing options include undo, redo, cut, copy, paste, and find and replace. Files can be saved with "Ctrl + S" and exited with "Ctrl + Q". The tool is designed for straightforward text editing without the need to switch applications.

Winsage

December 29, 2025

Microsoft Adds Sudo to Windows 11 24H2 for Seamless Elevated Commands

Microsoft has introduced the sudo command in Windows 11 version 24H2, allowing users to execute commands with elevated privileges directly from a standard command prompt or PowerShell window. Users can enable this feature via Settings under System > For Developers. Sudo can run commands in three modes: “in a new window,” “with input disabled,” and “inline.” The inline mode runs the elevated command in the same console session, preserving context and variables. Microsoft has open-sourced the project on GitHub, inviting community contributions. Sudo integrates with User Account Control (UAC) for security, ensuring every elevation request is vetted. It simplifies administrative tasks for software engineers and system administrators, particularly in corporate environments where full admin access is restricted. The feature works seamlessly in Windows Terminal and supports Azure integrations. While some users have reported compatibility issues, Microsoft emphasizes that sudo is a developer tool rather than a complete replacement for Linux's sudo. Future developments may include community-driven extensions and integration with Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL).

Winsage

September 8, 2025

Docker Wine is a weird way to containerize and run Windows programs on Linux

Switching to Linux can require time to configure and may lead to challenges due to the incompatibility with Windows applications, which are often designed specifically for Windows. Docker Wine is a Docker image that provides a pre-configured Wine setup, allowing Windows applications to run in a self-contained Linux environment. This method avoids conflicts by creating a new container for each application, which disappears after use, ensuring the host system remains unaffected. Docker Wine can run both GUI applications and command-line tools, using specific commands to initiate the container and mount necessary directories. Additionally, Winetricks can be used within Docker Wine to create a persistent Wine environment for applications that require specific components. Docker Wine is particularly useful for users who need to test multiple Windows applications with conflicting dependencies without affecting their primary Linux setup.

Tech Optimizer

August 19, 2025

Everyting About Postgres Security

Securing a PostgreSQL database involves following the Center for Internet Security (CIS) benchmarks, which include: 1. Installation and Patches: - Ensure PostgreSQL packages are obtained from authorized repositories, specifically the PostgreSQL Global Development Group (PGDG). - Enable systemd service files for managing PostgreSQL services. - Confirm that the data directory (PGDATA) is initialized properly. 2. Directory and File Permissions: - Set the correct file permissions mask to prevent unauthorized access. 3. Logging and Auditing: - Implement logging for monitoring and auditing purposes. 4. User Access and Authorization: - Review and configure sudo permissions to limit administrative access. 5. Connection and Login: - Avoid specifying passwords in the command line to prevent exposure in shell history or process lists. 6. PostgreSQL Settings: - Understand potential attack vectors and configure runtime parameters accordingly. 7. Replication: - Create a dedicated replication user with limited permissions. 8. Special Configuration Considerations: - Place PostgreSQL subdirectory locations outside the main data directory for enhanced security and manageability.

AppWizard

August 13, 2025

Hands-on: We ran full desktop Linux apps on an Android phone!

The Linux Terminal app on Android is set to support graphical Linux applications, requiring a Pixel 6 or newer device and the latest 2507 Android Canary release. Users must enable the Linux Terminal by navigating to Settings > System > Developer options > Linux development environment and toggling it on. To enable hardware acceleration, users need to create an empty file named virglrenderer in the /sdcard/linux directory. After launching the Terminal app, users will download necessary files to boot Debian and can install Flatpak to run graphical applications. Users can launch apps by initiating a graphical environment or installing XFCE for a desktop experience.