Airlines must provide passengers with food, water, comfortable cabin temperatures, access to functioning toilets, and medical assistance after two hours on the tarmac. Passengers must be given the option to deplane before three hours for domestic flights and four hours for international flights. Airlines have specific policies for tarmac delays, which can include food, hotel vouchers, or flight credits. Passengers should file complaints with the airline if they are not provided with essential provisions. Contacting airline customer service quickly is crucial for resolving issues such as delays or cancellations.