threat actors Archives

Tech Optimizer

May 24, 2025

Arms Cyber Expands Ransomware Protection to macOS Devices

Apple devices, previously considered largely immune to cyber threats, are experiencing a rise in ransomware attacks targeting macOS, as reported by cybersecurity firm Black Fog. This shift is attributed to the increasing popularity of Apple devices and evolving ransomware tactics. Notable ransomware incidents include EvilQuest and MacRansom, with new threats like NotLockBit and FrigidStealer emerging. In response, Arms Cyber has begun offering ransomware protection for macOS, becoming the first firm to provide comprehensive protection across Windows, Linux, and macOS. Their solutions include real-time file entropy analysis, Steal Archival technology for rapid recovery, and Automated Moving Target Defense (AMTD) to thwart attacks. The growing use of Mac devices in critical sectors highlights the need for enhanced security measures, as attackers see opportunities in less protected systems. Managed Security Service Providers (MSSPs) are also being equipped with these protections to strengthen defenses against ransomware.

Tech Optimizer

May 23, 2025

Cloudflare, Microsoft & police disrupt global malware service

Cloudflare, in collaboration with Microsoft and international law enforcement, has dismantled the infrastructure of LummaC2, an information-stealing malware service. This initiative led to the seizure and blocking of malicious domains and disrupted digital marketplaces used by criminals. Lumma Stealer operates as a subscription service providing threat actors access to a central panel for customized malware builds and stolen data retrieval. The stolen information includes credentials, cryptocurrency wallets, and sensitive data, posing risks of identity theft and financial fraud. Lumma Stealer was first identified on Russian-language crime forums in early 2023 and has since migrated to Telegram for distribution. Its proliferation is facilitated by social engineering campaigns, including deceptive pop-ups and bundled malware in cracked software. Cloudflare implemented measures to block access to Lumma's command and control servers and collaborated with various authorities to prevent the criminals from regaining control. Mitigation strategies for users include restricting unknown scripts, limiting password storage in browsers, and using reputable endpoint protection tools. The operation has significantly hindered Lumma's operations and aims to undermine the infostealer-as-a-service model contributing to cybercrime.

Tech Optimizer

May 21, 2025

Lumma Stealer: Breaking down the delivery techniques and capabilities of a prolific infostealer

Microsoft has monitored Lumma Stealer, an infostealer malware used by financially motivated threat actors. Lumma Stealer, also known as LummaC2, functions as a malware-as-a-service (MaaS) solution that extracts data from browsers and applications, including cryptocurrency wallets. The entity behind Lumma is identified as Storm-2477, which maintains the malware and its command-and-control (C2) infrastructure. Affiliates can create malware binaries and manage C2 communications through a panel provided by Storm-2477. Ransomware groups have integrated Lumma Stealer into their operations. Lumma Stealer employs various delivery techniques, including phishing emails, malvertising, drive-by downloads, Trojanized applications, and abuse of legitimate services. Specific campaigns have been identified, such as one in April 2025 that used EtherHiding and ClickFix techniques to deliver Lumma Stealer via compromised websites. Another campaign on April 7, 2025, targeted Canadian organizations with emails containing invoice lures that led to malicious downloads. The malware is developed using C++ and ASM, employing advanced obfuscation techniques to evade detection. It can extract a wide range of user data, including browser credentials, cryptocurrency wallet information, and user documents. Lumma Stealer maintains a robust C2 infrastructure with multiple hardcoded and fallback C2 servers, utilizing encryption methods to secure communications. Microsoft's Digital Crimes Unit has disrupted Lumma Stealer's infrastructure by blocking approximately 2,300 malicious domains. Recommendations to mitigate the impact of Lumma Stealer include strengthening Microsoft Defender configurations, implementing multifactor authentication, and utilizing phishing-resistant authentication methods. Microsoft Defender products can detect and block activities associated with Lumma Stealer, providing alerts and insights for incident response.

Winsage

May 15, 2025

Windows Remote Desktop Gateway Vulnerability Let Attackers Trigger Dos Condition

The Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) has released critical security updates to address a significant vulnerability in the Windows Remote Desktop Gateway service, identified as CVE-2025-26677, which allows unauthorized attackers to cause denial of service (DoS) conditions. This vulnerability is rated as "High" severity with a CVSS score of 7.5 and affects multiple versions of Windows Server, including 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2025. Microsoft has provided security updates (KB5058383, KB5058392, KB5058385, and KB5058411) to rectify the issue. Additionally, another vulnerability, CVE-2025-29831, has been identified that could enable remote code execution (RCE) through a Use After Free weakness, also rated with a CVSS score of 7.5. This vulnerability requires user interaction, specifically an admin user to stop or restart the service, and affects Windows Server versions 2008 R2, 2012/R2, 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2025. Organizations are advised to prioritize patching both vulnerabilities and to review network configurations to limit exposure of Remote Desktop Gateway services. The vulnerabilities were discovered by security researchers from Kunlun Lab.

AppWizard

May 13, 2025

Turkish spies caught exploiting zero-day for over a year

Microsoft reported that Turkish espionage operatives have been exploiting a zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2025-27920) in the Output Messenger app to gather intelligence on the Kurdish military in Iraq. This operation, attributed to the group Marbled Dust, began in April 2024. The vulnerability is a directory traversal flaw in version 2.0.62 of the app, and many users have not yet updated to the patched version released in December. Marbled Dust has used this flaw to access sensitive user data and deploy malicious files within the Output Messenger server. The group has a history of targeting entities opposing Turkish interests and has evolved its tactics by leveraging this vulnerability for unauthorized access. Srimax and Microsoft are advising users to upgrade to version V2.0.63 to mitigate the risks associated with the exploit.

AppWizard

May 11, 2025

Scrutinizing the security of messaging apps continues.

Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the White House are facing scrutiny over security vulnerabilities in their messaging application. Hacktivists breached GlobalX, the airline handling U.S. deportation flights, exposing sensitive flight manifests. The FBI warned about threats exploiting outdated routers. Pearson confirmed a cyberattack compromising customer data. Research shows cybercriminals are using Windows Remote Management (WinRM) for lateral movements in Active Directory environments. A new email attack campaign is delivering a Remote Access Trojan (RAT) via malicious PDF invoices. A zero-day vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver allows remote code execution, affecting multiple sectors. An Indiana health system reported a data breach affecting nearly 263,000 individuals.

Winsage

May 10, 2025

Hackers Using Windows Remote Management to Stealthily Navigate Active Directory Network

Threat actors are exploiting Windows Remote Management (WinRM) to navigate through Active Directory environments stealthily, allowing them to bypass detection systems, escalate privileges, and deploy malicious payloads. WinRM operates on HTTP port 5985 and HTTPS port 5986, enabling remote command execution and management tasks. Attackers can gain access through compromised credentials and use WinRM-enabled PowerShell commands for reconnaissance, deploying payloads while evading detection. The attack chain includes initial access, reconnaissance, payload deployment, persistence, and lateral movement, often utilizing techniques that obfuscate malicious activities. Detecting such attacks is challenging due to the use of built-in Windows functionalities and encrypted channels. Recommended mitigation strategies include monitoring for unusual activity, restricting WinRM access, enforcing credential hygiene, and implementing advanced monitoring solutions.

Winsage

May 8, 2025

Windows 0-Day Vulnerability Exploited in Wild to Deploy Play ransomware

Threat actors associated with the Play ransomware operation exploited a zero-day vulnerability in Microsoft Windows, identified as CVE-2025-29824, before a patch was released on April 8, 2025. This vulnerability affects the Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) driver, allowing attackers to elevate their privileges to full system access. The Play ransomware group targeted an unnamed organization in the United States, likely gaining initial access through a public-facing Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA). During this intrusion, no ransomware payload was deployed; instead, the attackers used a custom information-stealing tool named Grixba. Microsoft attributed this activity to the threat group Storm-2460, known for deploying PipeMagic malware. The exploitation affected various sectors, including IT, real estate in the U.S., finance in Venezuela, software in Spain, and retail in Saudi Arabia. The vulnerability received a CVSS score of 7.8 and was addressed in Microsoft's April 2025 Patch Tuesday updates. The attack involved creating files in the path C:ProgramDataSkyPDF, injecting a DLL into the winlogon.exe process, extracting credentials from LSASS memory, creating new administrator users, and establishing persistence. The Play ransomware group has been active since June 2022 and employs double-extortion tactics. Organizations are urged to apply the security updates released on April 8, 2025, especially for vulnerable Windows versions, while Windows 11 version 24H2 is not affected due to existing security mitigations.

Winsage

May 7, 2025

Play ransomware affiliate leveraged zero-day to deploy malware

The Play ransomware gang exploited a critical vulnerability in the Windows Common Log File System, identified as CVE-2025-29824, which has a CVSS score of 7.8 and is categorized as a "Use after free" vulnerability. This flaw allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally and has been confirmed to be exploited in real-world attacks. The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) added it to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog in April. Microsoft addressed this vulnerability during its April Patch Tuesday security updates, acknowledging its exploitation in limited attacks targeting various sectors in the U.S. and Saudi Arabia. Researchers from Symantec reported that the Play ransomware gang used the CVE-2025-29824 exploit in an attack against a U.S. organization before the public disclosure and patching of the vulnerability. The attackers utilized the Grixba infostealer tool and initially exploited a public-facing Cisco ASA firewall to gain entry. They deployed tools to gather information, escalated privileges using the CVE-2025-29824 exploit, and executed malicious scripts to steal credentials. The exploit took advantage of race conditions in driver memory handling, allowing kernel access and manipulation of files. Before the patch was released, the exploit was reportedly used by multiple threat actors, and Microsoft linked it to other malware.

Tech Optimizer

May 2, 2025

The Pillars of AI-Driven Security

The cybersecurity landscape has shifted from traditional methods like firewalls and antivirus software to more sophisticated, AI-driven strategies. The 2024 Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report identifies ransomware as a leading attack type, with a median time to compromise now measured in hours. The attack surface is expanding due to remote work, cloud adoption, and IoT devices, while traditional security measures struggle to keep up. AI enhances security across three domains: prevention, detection, and response. 1. Prevention: AI distinguishes between legitimate and suspicious activities, improving predictive accuracy and enabling proactive defenses against attacks. AI models can identify zero-day malware and fileless attacks by focusing on behavior. 2. Detection: AI-powered tools like SIEM systems analyze vast amounts of data to identify risks and suspicious patterns in near real-time, reducing false positives and highlighting low-and-slow attacks and insider threats. 3. Response: AI automates rapid containment and remediation actions, allowing human analysts to focus on more complex tasks. Generative AI can assist in drafting incident reports and suggesting remediation measures. AI-driven security offers scale and efficiency, reducing breach costs significantly for organizations that utilize it. AI models adapt to evolving threats, and AI tools help bridge the cybersecurity skills gap. However, challenges include potential biases in AI models, the need for talent and change management, and privacy concerns. Organizations are encouraged to adopt AI-driven security as a core component of their digital defense strategy to improve risk posture and threat response.