The Max application was launched by VK in 2025, raising concerns about potential government surveillance and a separation from Western digital services. The app combines social media, messaging, and government services, including a digital ID and banking, and is being promoted as a "secure" platform by President Vladimir Putin, who aims for "technological sovereignty." Since September, Max has been pre-installed on devices sold in Russia and is included on a "white list" of services operational during internet blackouts. Initially available only to users with Russian or Belarusian SIM cards, it now supports English and phone numbers from 40 "friendly" countries but is not available in the EU or Ukraine. Public sentiment is mixed, with some individuals feeling forced to use it for communications, while others have concerns about privacy and data security. Max does not offer end-to-end encryption, and user data is stored on Russian servers. The app's introduction is part of Russia's strategy for a "sovereign internet," with increased regulatory authority to monitor online activities.