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Windows 95's Start menu was invented by a chimpanzee-lab psychologist: 'Even a rocket scientist couldn't figure out Windows'
Winsage
September 2, 2026

Windows 95’s Start menu was invented by a chimpanzee-lab psychologist: ‘Even a rocket scientist couldn’t figure out Windows’

A user on X highlighted their new 5K Dell UltraSharp monitor, leading to a discussion about the Windows 11 taskbar's alignment. Dave Plummer, a former Microsoft engineer, expressed his preference for a left-aligned taskbar, which he viewed as a stand against center alignment. The Start button's creation is attributed to Danny Oran, a behavioral psychologist who joined Microsoft in 1992. Oran's background included teaching chimpanzees to communicate, which informed his approach to user interface design. He observed users struggling with Windows 3.1 and proposed a single button for access to all features, initially called "System" but later renamed "Start." The placement of the Start button in the bottom-left corner was influenced by Fitts's law, which suggests users can quickly click targets in screen corners. Joe Belfiore confirmed this placement aligned with reading habits. The initial implementation of the Start button in Windows 95 had an issue with padding that was corrected in Windows 98. Oran also designed the taskbar, which was ultimately placed at the bottom of the screen to differentiate it from Apple's macOS. Oran holds the original patent for both the Start menu and the taskbar introduced in Windows 95.
Everyone assumed the Windows taskbar copied a rival OS. Microsoft says no
Winsage
September 1, 2026

Everyone assumed the Windows taskbar copied a rival OS. Microsoft says no

The Windows taskbar originated from the Microsoft project "Cairo," launched in 1991, which introduced a design with visible fields at the bottom of the screen. The Windows 95 taskbar combined this design with the window-minimizing functionality from Windows 3.1. Although a similar concept appeared in the 1988 NeXTSTEP operating system, Microsoft veterans assert that the Windows taskbar was developed independently, without inspiration from NeXT. The NeXTSTEP solution later influenced the macOS Dock. The taskbar continues to evolve while maintaining its significance in user interface design.
Windows 95's taskbar didn't come from Steve Jobs' NeXT Dock, and a former Microsoft VP explains what did
Winsage
September 1, 2026

Windows 95’s taskbar didn’t come from Steve Jobs’ NeXT Dock, and a former Microsoft VP explains what did

The Windows 95 taskbar was not inspired by the NeXT Dock, as clarified by former Microsoft executives Joe Belfiore and Brad Silverberg. Instead, its design was influenced by a Microsoft project called Cairo, which aimed to provide users with easy access to information. The taskbar was created to address usability issues from Windows 3.1, specifically to help users keep track of minimized windows. In 2021, with the release of Windows 11, Microsoft introduced a centered taskbar and later allowed it to be repositioned to any edge of the screen, reflecting a commitment to user experience.
Why Windows stopped including fun games like Minesweeper, Solitaire, and Pinball
Winsage
August 31, 2026

Why Windows stopped including fun games like Minesweeper, Solitaire, and Pinball

Microsoft integrated games into the Windows operating system from its early versions, starting with Reversi in Windows 1.0 in 1985 and introducing Solitaire in Windows 3.0 in 1990. Over the years, various versions of Windows included a range of built-in games, peaking with Windows Vista and Windows 7, which featured titles like Chess Titans and Mahjong Titans. However, with the release of Windows 8, Microsoft removed classic games from the operating system and transitioned to an app-centric model, directing users to the Windows Store for gaming. The Microsoft Solitaire Collection became a single app, while other games were made available as separate downloads. This shift marked a change in how Microsoft approached gaming, moving from integrating games as part of the OS to treating Windows as a platform for independent applications and services.
Back to the Start: How Microsoft launched Windows 95 to the world
Winsage
August 24, 2026

Back to the Start: How Microsoft launched Windows 95 to the world

In 1995, Microsoft launched Windows 95, an operating system designed to transition users from 16-bit to 32-bit computing, with a marketing budget estimated between 0 million and 0 million. Windows 95 featured a 32-bit architecture capable of managing up to 4GB of memory, the Start button, taskbar, Microsoft Exchange, and Plug and Play technology. The global launch event occurred on August 24 at Microsoft's headquarters, featuring Bill Gates and a promotional campaign that included The Rolling Stones' "Start Me Up" and a videotape guide with Friends stars. In Malaysia, the official launch was on August 29, with some dealers organizing midnight sales, although turnout was disappointing. Microsoft hosted a Windows 95 Expo in Kuala Lumpur, leading to strong sales of additional products. By 1996, Microsoft announced the shipment of 40 million units of Windows 95 worldwide.
Windows NT 4 went on sale 30 years ago today
Winsage
August 24, 2026

Windows NT 4 went on sale 30 years ago today

Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was officially released on August 24, 1996, marking its 30th anniversary today. Codenamed “Tukwila,” it integrated the Windows Explorer desktop from Windows 95 with the NT operating system. Windows 95 was released a year earlier on August 24, 1995, and was initially codenamed “Chicago.” Windows NT 4 incorporated a modern user interface while maintaining the reliability of the NT kernel. It introduced features like the journaling NTFS filesystem but had limitations such as stability issues due to changes in the Graphics Device Interface (GDI) and lack of support for FAT32 and USB interfaces. Despite these shortcomings, NT 4 was a significant operating system that contributed to the competitive landscape of operating systems.
Windows 95's redesign is still the most profound 31 years later — I take a look at what survived more than three decades of hardware evolution
Winsage
August 24, 2026

Windows 95’s redesign is still the most profound 31 years later — I take a look at what survived more than three decades of hardware evolution

On August 24, 1995, Microsoft launched Windows 95, featuring a memorable appearance by Jay Leno and CEO Bill Gates. The launch included a promotional video set to "Start Me Up" by The Rolling Stones. Windows 95 introduced the Start button, marking a significant change in user experience compared to Windows 3.1, which used a full-screen Program Manager for application organization. The introduction of the Start button reshaped user interaction with computers and contributed to the legacy of Windows 95, which continues to influence users today, even with the release of Windows 11 in 2021.
Microsoft shares details of a clever old Windows trick it no longer needs
Winsage
August 12, 2026

Microsoft shares details of a clever old Windows trick it no longer needs

Microsoft's WINSTART.BAT file is a batch file that predates Windows 95 and was documented in the Windows 3.1 Resource Kit. Its primary function is to load terminate-and-stay-resident (TSR) programs for use by Windows applications, while these TSRs are not accessible to individual MS-DOS virtual machines. WINSTART.BAT is executed after the virtual machine manager (VMM) initializes, giving it an advantage over AUTOEXEC.BAT, which runs during the MS-DOS startup phase. TSRs loaded via AUTOEXEC.BAT are available to both Windows and MS-DOS environments, while those loaded through WINSTART.BAT are limited to Windows applications only.
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