PostgreSQL 18 includes significant enhancements in monitoring capabilities and new features. Key updates include:
- Buffer information in EXPLAIN ANALYZE is now enabled by default, providing detailed buffer statistics for better query performance insights.
- The pg_stat_io view tracks I/O statistics in bytes (read_bytes, write_bytes, extend_bytes), simplifying monitoring of I/O operations.
- Enhanced monitoring of Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) statistics is introduced, allowing tracking of WAL operations and new WAL segment initialization.
- The pg_stat_get_backend_io function provides I/O statistics for specific client processes, aiding in performance tuning.
- The VACUUM (verbose) command now includes visibility map information, detailing all-visible pages after a vacuum operation.
- The pg_stat_all_table view tracks total vacuum and analysis times per table, and users can adjust autovacuum workers without server restarts.
- A new uuidv7 function generates UUIDs with a Unix-epoch timestamp for ordered identifiers.
- The passwordcheck extension enforces a minimum password length for better security practices.
- Improvements to the jsonb type ensure correct handling of null conversions.
- The casefold function facilitates case-insensitive searches.
- The RETURNING clause in DML commands now supports returning both old and new values.
- The to_number function can convert Roman numerals to numeric values.