Once regarded as bastions of cybersecurity, Macs are now confronting an increasing array of threats. Just a few years ago, malware specifically targeting macOS was a rarity. However, in 2021, security expert Patrick Wardle identified eight new malware families aimed at the platform. Fast forward to 2023, and that number has surged to 21. While this figure may pale in comparison to the multitude of CVEs affecting Windows, it serves as a stark reminder that Macs are not as impervious as once thought.
As macOS continues to gain traction among users, hackers are increasingly viewing it as a lucrative target. Fortunately, there are straightforward strategies to safeguard your Mac from malware, phishing, and other digital threats. Here are some essential tools every Mac user should consider incorporating into their security arsenal.
Antivirus software
While Macs are celebrated for their built-in security features, the rise in Mac-specific threats has made antivirus software a prudent investment. This software adds an extra layer of defense by scanning for malicious files, blocking hazardous websites, and identifying vulnerabilities before they escalate into serious issues. With regular scans and real-time protection, antivirus programs keep your Mac secure as new threats emerge.
Most antivirus solutions for Mac offer comprehensive coverage, addressing malware, network filtering, and phishing protection, with customizable settings tailored for various environments, whether at home or in public spaces.
Backup solutions
One of the most effective ways to guard against data loss—be it from theft, damage, or ransomware—is to maintain regular backups. Apple’s Time Machine simplifies this process by automatically backing up files to an external drive. For those seeking additional security, cloud services like iCloud and Backblaze provide remote backup options. Setting up Time Machine is straightforward: connect an external drive, navigate to Settings > General > Time Machine, and select your backup disk.
Firewall protection
The firewall is a crucial yet often overlooked component of your Mac’s security framework. It manages incoming and outgoing connections based on predefined rules, effectively blocking unauthorized access. While many users depend on their routers for network security, this reliance can be misguided—especially when using ISP-provided routers, which may not be optimally configured. For instance, with the IPv6 protocol, your Mac might be vulnerable to incoming internet connections if your router isn’t set up correctly.
macOS comes equipped with a built-in firewall, typically enabled by default. However, it’s wise to verify its status within System Settings to ensure your Mac is adequately protected.
Password managers
Password-related issues are all too common; many individuals resort to weak passwords, forget them, or reuse the same ones across multiple platforms. This practice poses significant risks. Password managers present a viable solution by securely storing all passwords in an encrypted vault and assisting users in generating strong, unique passwords for each account. Some even notify users if their credentials have been compromised in a data breach.
While Apple’s iCloud Keychain covers the essentials, it has its limitations. The new Passwords app introduced in iOS 18 offers enhanced features, including alerts for weak or reused passwords, providing a more streamlined experience. However, it currently lacks the ability to export passwords, so users of third-party managers may prefer to continue with their existing solutions until Apple facilitates easier migration.
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
For anyone connecting to public Wi-Fi networks, a VPN is indispensable. It encrypts your internet connection, making it exceedingly difficult for hackers to intercept sensitive information. For Mac users, a VPN further enhances privacy by concealing your location and online activity on unsecured networks—an essential consideration when engaging in online banking or sharing sensitive data over public Wi-Fi.
(Photo by Jonathan Kemper)
See also: Hackers are increasingly exploiting packers to spread malware
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