accessibility

A newly identified strain of Android malware, RatHat, utilizes generative AI to manipulate infected devices in real time. It is linked to threat actors believed to be operating out of China. RatHat serializes the device’s live Accessibility tree into XML format and communicates with a generative AI assistant to return screen coordinates, identify text, and issue navigation commands. The malware employs WebView-based HTML overlays to capture login credentials from banking and cryptocurrency applications and can infiltrate payment apps like WeChat and Alipay to extract PINs. It also features an SMS receiver and notification listener to intercept OTPs and 2FA codes. RatHat is disseminated through smishing, malvertising campaigns, and misleading third-party forums. It employs anti-analysis techniques such as container tampering, manifest bombing, DEX bytecode poisoning, string encryption, and anti-debugging. Once installed, it gains Accessibility access, activates Developer Options, and enables Wireless Debugging, allowing it to connect to the device's local ADB service and launch control agents with shell-level privileges. The malware captures raw touch coordinates to reconstruct PINs and unlock patterns, bypassing screenshot protections. It also includes persistence mechanisms that prevent uninstallation by presenting a fake Google Play failure overlay and automatically reinstalling itself if removed.