versioning Archives

Tech Optimizer

July 2, 2026

From monolith to Lakebase to LTAP: rethinking the database from storage up

Sixteen years ago, the author began their PhD at UC Berkeley and was advised to focus on analytics rather than OLTP databases, which were considered solved. This led to the creation of Apache Spark and Databricks. However, during the development of Databricks, it was found that OLTP databases were not solved problems; they were difficult to scale and fragile. This realization led to the development of Lakebase, a serverless Postgres database designed with modern technology. Lakebase architecture separates the write-ahead log (WAL) and data files into independent, scalable services. The WAL is externalized to a service called SafeKeeper, which uses Paxos-based replication for durability, while data files are managed by PageServer, which stores them in cloud object storage. This design addresses challenges such as data loss, scaling, and performance interference between transactional and analytical workloads. Lakebase maintains compatibility with Postgres, offers unlimited storage, serverless compute, durable writes, and simpler high availability. It also introduces LTAP (Lake Transactional/Analytical Processing), which allows both transactional and analytical processing to operate on a single data copy in real time, eliminating the need for separate data copies and reducing costs. LTAP utilizes a unified storage layer that allows data to be materialized in both row and columnar formats, optimizing it for both transactional and analytical workloads. The system ensures that analytics can access the most current data without affecting transactional performance by using a log sequence number (LSN) to retrieve the latest changes. Unlike traditional CDC approaches, LTAP requires no explicit table replication, as all data is stored in a single governed copy. This architecture circumvents common issues faced by hybrid transactional/analytical processing (HTAP) systems, such as incomplete feature sets, lack of ecosystem support, and performance contention. The Lakebase architecture has unlocked capabilities like unlimited storage, elastic compute, durable writes, and instant branching, with ongoing developments anticipated in the future.

Tech Optimizer

July 2, 2026

From monolith to Lakebase to LTAP: rethinking the database from storage up

Sixteen years ago, the author began their PhD at UC Berkeley, where they were advised to focus on analytics rather than OLTP databases, which were considered a solved problem. However, upon developing Databricks, they found that OLTP databases were cumbersome, challenging to scale, and fragile. This led to the creation of Lakebase, a serverless Postgres database designed to address these issues by externalizing the write-ahead log (WAL) and data files into independent services. Lakebase architecture separates the WAL into a distributed service called SafeKeeper and data files into another service called PageServer, allowing for improved durability, scalability, and performance. This architecture eliminates data loss risks associated with disk failures and misconfigurations, simplifies high availability, and allows for elastic compute resources. Lakebase also introduces LTAP (Lake Transactional/Analytical Processing), which enables transactions and analytics to operate on a single data copy in real-time, avoiding the need for separate data copies and reducing costs. The system retains Postgres's ACID semantics while storing data in open columnar formats, making it accessible to both transactional and analytical engines without the delays and complexities of traditional replication methods. The architecture allows for unlimited storage, serverless compute, and instant branching, while ensuring that analytics can read the most current transactional data without affecting transactional workloads. LTAP aims to unify transactional and analytical processing by leveraging distinct compute engines for each workload while integrating at the storage layer.

Winsage

June 30, 2026

Windows 11 just took its first major step toward version 26H2, and Insiders can already test 9 features shaping Microsoft’s next big update

Microsoft has rolled out updates for Windows 11, confirming the development of version 26H2, which has transitioned from version 25H2 in the Experimental channel. Key updates include enhancements to the Search page, a revamped Mobile Devices page, a new GIF provider (GIPHY), a smaller Taskbar size option, improved system sounds in dark mode, rebranding of the Gaming section to "XBOX mode," a new "Screen tint" feature for accessibility, enhanced Magnifier zoom controls, and improved personalization features for accent color selection.

Winsage

June 24, 2026

Microsoft confirms Windows 11 version 26H2 is coming soon: Reveals some devices won’t be eligible

Microsoft has announced the upcoming release of Windows 11 version 26H2, which will follow versions 25H2 and 24H2, all built on the same platform from 2024. Version 26H2 will not introduce significant changes compared to version 25H2, as it shares the same feature set. Users on Windows 11 version 26H1, which is tailored for Qualcomm Snapdragon X2 and NVIDIA RTX Spark devices, will not be able to upgrade to 26H2 this fall. An upgrade path for 26H1 users to version 27H2 may be available by the end of next year. The exact launch date for version 26H2 has not been specified, but it is expected to roll out towards the end of September or into October.

Winsage

June 21, 2026

Windows 11 version 26H2 is now available for testing in the latest preview build

Windows 11 preview builds 26300.8697 and 26220.8690 have been rolled out for Insiders in the Experimental and Beta Channels. The Experimental Channel has been upgraded to version 26H2. Key improvements include: - The versioning for Insiders in the Experimental channel now reflects version 26H2. - The Copy dialog in Dark mode has been enhanced for visual consistency and reliability. - The Start menu now accurately reflects newly installed or removed applications without requiring a sign-out or restart. - An issue with the smaller taskbar option has been resolved, preventing the system tray from being cut off or pushed off-screen. - Reliability enhancements have been made to Settings > Apps > Startup. - A critical issue causing bugchecks (HYPERVISORERROR and KMODEEXCEPTIONNOTHANDLED) during system restarts, virtual machine operations, or specific gaming applications has been addressed.

Winsage

June 19, 2026

Microsoft Announces New Insider Builds, a Bit of 26H2 News

Microsoft has released five new Windows Insider Preview builds and updates for Windows 11 version 26H2. Devices in the Experimental channel will soon update to version 26H2, which can be checked in Settings > System > About or using the winver command. Users in the Beta channel can switch to Experimental via Settings > Windows Update > Windows Insider Program, and can revert back to Beta without reinstalling Windows. PCs on Experimental for versions 24H2 or 25H2 will be upgraded to 26H2, with both versions currently supported. Snapdragon X2-based PCs running Windows 11 on Arm will remain on version 26H1 and will not receive an update to 26H2, but may have a future release potentially called Windows 12. The latest builds are: - Beta (25H2): Build 26220.8690, enhancing reliability of Start, Taskbar, Settings, and virtualization. - Experimental (24H2/25H2?): Build 26300.8697, updating to 26H2 with improvements to File Explorer Copy dialog in Dark mode and reliability enhancements. - Beta (26H1): Build 28020.2308, with minor bug fixes and improved HD Audio driver reliability. - Experimental (26H1): Build 28120.2315, offering similar improvements as the Beta update. - Experimental (Future Platforms, Including Canary 29600 series): Build 29613.1000, enhancing Settings > System > Sounds based on user feedback.

Winsage

June 14, 2026

What’s New With Windows 11 in 2026

Windows 11, introduced by Microsoft in 2021, has evolved into a simpler and more attractive platform while retaining familiarity. As of 2026, it continues to enhance features and address customer feedback. Microsoft now releases a new version of Windows 11 annually, with each version supported for two years for Home and Pro editions. Currently, versions 24H2 and 25H2 are supported and functionally identical, while the new 26H1 version is for laptops with Qualcomm Snapdragon X2 processors. The hardware requirements have become more lenient, and Microsoft has introduced a Copilot+ PC brand for high-end machines with advanced microprocessors. Updates have been revamped for a more predictable experience, and users can manage updates through new options. The user interface has been refined with a modern aesthetic, including Light and Dark modes, centered Taskbar icons, and an evolved Start menu. Windows 11 supports multitasking with familiar tools like Alt + Tab and enhanced Snap features. File Explorer has been updated with a modern interface and integration with OneDrive. The Microsoft Store has been redesigned for a broader selection of apps, and Microsoft Edge is bundled with Windows 11, although it has faced criticism for overriding user preferences. Windows 11 includes preloaded apps leveraging AI, such as Microsoft Copilot and Microsoft 365 Copilot, along with updated core applications. It supports gaming with a dedicated Xbox app and Game Pass subscriptions, and simplifies user account management with robust security features like Windows Hello. For power users, it offers a modern Terminal app and advanced configuration options in the Settings app.

Tech Optimizer

June 6, 2026

PostgreSQL Dump and Restore: The Complete pg_dump Guide

pg_dump is a utility for exporting a PostgreSQL database into a file, which can be restored on the same or different servers. It exports a single database's tables, views, sequences, functions, indexes, triggers, and in-database grants but does not include roles, tablespaces, or server-level configurations. To capture global objects, pg_dumpall --globals-only should be executed prior to the per-database dump. pg_dump requires CONNECT and SELECT privileges on all tables and sequences within the target database, and a dedicated backup role is sufficient for single-database dumps, while superuser access is needed for global objects. pg_dump supports various output formats: plain SQL (.sql), custom binary (.dump), directory of files, and tar archive (.tar), each with different capabilities for restoration and compression. The custom format allows for selective and parallel restoration. For non-interactive use, credentials can be stored in a .pgpass file or passed via the PGPASSWORD environment variable. Restoration methods depend on the dump format: psql is used for plain SQL files, while pg_restore is used for custom and directory formats. The restoration process requires the target database to be created beforehand. Version mismatches between pg_dump and pg_restore can lead to failures, so it's essential to ensure that the binaries are version-matched. In Docker, pg_dump and pg_restore can be executed within containers, but care must be taken to manage credentials and ensure version compatibility. Exit codes from pg_dump should be checked to confirm successful operations.

Winsage

May 29, 2026

Microsoft admits modern Windows 11 apps actually resize worse than the old ones, fix coming this summer

Microsoft is working on a solution to address the black tearing issue during window resizing in WinUI 3 applications on Windows 11, with a rollout expected to begin this summer. March Rogers, Microsoft’s Partner Director of Design, confirmed that the Windows team is testing smooth resizing code on native inbox applications before extending the update to the Windows App SDK. The transition to WinUI 3 aims to replace inefficient web applications and improve user experience, with significant components like the Start menu and system-level dialog boxes being upgraded to WinUI 3. Additionally, Microsoft has launched Windows App SDK 2.0 to encourage third-party developers to adopt native app development, addressing previous issues such as bugs and lack of visual features.

Winsage

May 29, 2026

Microsoft admits modern Windows 11 apps actually resize worse than the old ones, fix coming this summer

Microsoft is working to improve the user experience of WinUI 3 applications by addressing the issue of black tearing during window resizing. A fix is planned to be rolled out over the summer, as confirmed by March Rogers, Microsoft’s Partner Director of Design. Currently, WinUI 3 apps exhibit noticeable tearing during resizing, unlike UWP applications that resize smoothly. The Windows team is testing the smooth resizing code on native inbox apps before its broader rollout. Additionally, Microsoft is transitioning away from web-based architectures to enhance native app development, with plans to migrate the Windows 11 Start menu and system-level dialog boxes to WinUI 3. The company aims to rebuild trust with third-party developers through the Windows App SDK 2.0, which introduces new features and simplifies the development process for native applications.