Moscow has intensified its efforts to exert control over the popular Telegram messaging platform, with the announcement of a criminal investigation into its billionaire founder, Pavel Durov. This development was reported in Rossiyskaya Gazeta, a state-run newspaper, which claimed that the investigation is linked to accusations of terrorism.
Government Actions Against Telegram
With over 1 billion active users, Telegram has become a significant communication tool in both Russia and Ukraine. The Russian government is attempting to redirect users towards a state-supported alternative, MAX, as it seeks to block Telegram. The app has consistently denied allegations that it serves as a refuge for criminal activities or is compromised by Western and Ukrainian intelligence agencies.
The article in Rossiyskaya Gazeta, which spans 1,500 words, cites materials from Russia’s federal security service, alleging that Telegram functions as a “tool for hybrid threats.” It states, “The actions of the head of Telegram, P Durov, are being investigated as part of a criminal case on the grounds of a crime under Part 1.1 of Article 205.1 (assistance to terrorist activities) of the Criminal Code of Russia.”
Furthermore, the report claims that Telegram is utilized by radicals and terrorists, posing a significant threat to Russian society. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov emphasized that authorities have identified substantial material on Telegram that could potentially endanger national security. He noted, “A large number of violations and the unwillingness of Telegram’s administration to co-operate with our authorities have been recorded.”
Increased Repression and Surveillance
As the conflict in Ukraine continues, Russia is expanding its repressive measures and developing a more sophisticated digital surveillance apparatus reminiscent of China’s model. Officials argue that the crackdown on virtual private networks (VPNs) and messaging applications like WhatsApp and Telegram is crucial for national security, particularly in light of ongoing attacks within Russia attributed to Ukraine and alleged sabotage by Western intelligence agencies.
Despite these pressures, Telegram has emerged as a vital source of news within Russia, utilized by various groups, including Kremlin officials, pro-Russian war bloggers, and anti-Putin opposition figures. The app has also become a key communication channel for Ukrainian officials, including President Volodymyr Zelensky.
Durov’s Stance
Pavel Durov, who has been vocal about his opposition to government censorship, remains defiant. He asserts that Russia’s attempts to restrict access to Telegram are aimed at forcing citizens onto a state-controlled app designed for surveillance and political repression. “This authoritarian move won’t change our course. Telegram stands for freedom and privacy, no matter the pressure,” Durov stated, expressing confidence that Moscow’s efforts will ultimately fail.
Having left Russia in 2014 following his refusal to comply with demands to shut down opposition communities on his VK social media platform, Durov has faced scrutiny in various countries. He has accused French intelligence of attempting to influence content moderation on Telegram and has criticized European leaders for their handling of digital freedoms.
As the situation evolves, the Russian FSB has alleged that Ukraine’s armed forces are exploiting data from Telegram, including information gathered from Russian soldiers using the app. This ongoing tension highlights the complex interplay between technology, security, and freedom of expression in a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape.
