As Windows 11 approaches its fourth anniversary, it stands as a significant player on hundreds of millions of PCs globally. Launched in October 2021, this iteration of Microsoft’s flagship operating system was initially perceived as a modest upgrade over Windows 10, featuring a refreshed aesthetic while maintaining a core architecture that closely mirrored its predecessor. However, the introduction of stringent hardware compatibility requirements marked a pivotal shift for Windows, moving away from its historical emphasis on backward compatibility.
In the years since its debut, Windows 11 has evolved considerably, with new features and refinements enhancing the user experience. The most notable changes include a redesigned Start menu and taskbar, an overhauled Settings app, and the introduction of a Widgets pane that offers bite-sized news and reminders. Subsequent updates have introduced a tabbed File Explorer and the AI-powered Windows Copilot, further enriching the operating system’s functionality.
Hardware and Security Enhancements
Windows 11 mandates hardware-assisted security features, which were optional in Windows 10. This requirement ensures that Secure Boot and device encryption are activated by default, providing robust protection against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. While the Microsoft Store’s app selection has faced criticism, Windows 11 has made strides by allowing third-party developers to offer their traditional Win32 desktop applications through secure downloads.
The initial release included a Windows Subsystem for Android, enabling users to run Android apps on their Windows desktops. However, this feature was discontinued in 2024, with plans for complete removal by 2025.
For those acquiring new PCs, the cost of a Windows license is typically included in the purchase price. Buyers of customizable systems with Windows 11 Home preinstalled may opt to pay extra for an upgrade to Windows 11 Pro. Users with a licensed copy of Windows 10 can upgrade to Windows 11 at no additional cost, while those building their own PCs or using virtual machines will need to enter a product key for activation.
End of Support for Windows 10
Support for Windows 10 is set to officially conclude on October 14, 2025. After this date, Windows 10 will continue to function, but it will no longer receive monthly quality and security updates unless users subscribe to Extended Security Updates. Microsoft has ceased allowing PC manufacturers to sell new devices with Windows 10 preinstalled, although refurbished units may still be available. Corporate clients purchasing PCs with Windows 11 Pro licenses can exercise downgrade rights to install Windows 10 if desired.
Windows 11’s hardware requirements are relatively stringent, necessitating newer hardware for compatibility. Most PCs sold in 2019 or later should meet these requirements. The essential specifications include:
- Processor: 1GHz or faster with two or more cores on a compatible 64-bit processor or SoC
- RAM: At least 4GB
- Storage: Minimum of 64GB of available storage
- Security: TPM version 2.0, UEFI firmware, Secure Boot capable
- Graphics card: Compatible with DirectX 12 or later, with a WDDM 2.0 driver
- Display: High-definition (720p) display, 9 inches or larger
To assess compatibility with Windows 11, users can download the PC Health Check app, which identifies specific issues that may hinder an upgrade. Older hardware, particularly systems built before 2016, is less likely to pass these stringent checks.
User Experience and Interface Changes
Windows 11 brings a fresh user experience, characterized by visual enhancements such as new icons, vibrant colors, and rounded corners. The taskbar is now centered, although users can opt to align it to the left. The Start menu has undergone a significant redesign, featuring a split layout that allows for easier access to pinned programs and recent documents.
File Explorer has also received a visual refresh, simplifying its ribbon and shortcut menus while retaining its familiar three-pane layout. The Settings app has been completely overhauled, providing a more intuitive navigation experience with quick access to system settings and personalization options.
Touch-enabled devices benefit from improved pen and touch functionality, with smoother transitions between PC and tablet modes. Additionally, the system now remembers window arrangements when reconnecting to multiple monitors, enhancing usability for those with complex setups.
Future Outlook
Despite the substantial improvements, Windows 11 has faced criticism from some users who feel that the interface has been overly simplified, potentially hindering productivity. Nevertheless, Microsoft reports that customer satisfaction with Windows 11 surpasses that of any previous version.
As the only supported version of Windows post-October 2025, Windows 11 will become the focal point for developers targeting the platform. While third-party advertisements are absent from the core user experience, Microsoft promotes its services through preinstalled apps and occasional notifications, which may become more prevalent over time.
For those looking to upgrade, Windows 11 is available as a free update for eligible Windows 10 users. The installation process offers several options, including using the Windows 11 Installation Assistant, creating installation media, or downloading a disk image.
As Microsoft continues to refine Windows 11, the annual feature update schedule marks a shift from the previous semi-annual cadence, allowing for a more streamlined approach to enhancements and security updates.
